Process for cooling a metal workload in a multimedia quench system
A process and apparatus for quenching a metal workload from an elevated heat treating temperature are disclosed. The process includes the step of flowing a vegetable oil quenchant over the metal workload to provide a cooling rate sufficient to transform the metal substantially completely to a desired second phase comprising martensite, bainite, pearlite, or a combination thereof within a preselected time period. The apparatus includes a quenching chamber that has a base, an upper housing, a door, and an associated actuator for opening and closing the quenching chamber. The apparatus also includes a vessel for holding a volume of a vegetable oil quenchant, means for conducting the vegetable oil quenchant from the vessel to the quenching chamber, and means disposed in the quenching chamber for flowing the vegetable oil quenchant over a metal workload disposed in the quenching chamber.
1. A process for cooling a metal workload that has been heated to an elevated temperature comprising the steps of:
providing a metal workload that has been heated to an elevated temperature selected to cause the metal in said workload to transform to austenite;
placing the metal workload in a quenching chamber while the metal part is at the elevated temperature;
closing the quenching chamber; and then
quenching the metal workload by performing the following steps:
flowing a vegetable oil quenchant over the metal workload, and
providing a positive pressure of an inert gas in the quenching chamber as the vegetable oil is flowed over the metal workload;
wherein the vegetable oil flow rate and the positive pressure of the inert gas are selected to provide a cooling rate sufficient to transform the metal to a second metallurgical phase comprising martensite, bainite, pearlite, or a combination thereof within a preselected time period.
2. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of providing the inert gas in the quenching chamber comprises the steps of:
raising the pressure of the inert gas to a first positive pressure during an initial stage of the flowing step to provide a first cooling rate, and then
lowering the pressure of the inert gas to a second positive pressure during a second stage of the flowing step to provide a second cooling rate that is lower than the first cooling rate.
3. The process as set forth in claim 1 comprising the step of heating the vegetable oil quenchant to a temperature of 20° C. to 200° C. before performing said flowing step.
4. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the heating step is performed in a second sealable chamber and the process comprises the step of pressurizing the second sealable chamber with an inert gas.
5. The process as set forth in claim 1 comprising the step of removing the vegetable oil quenchant from the metal part by performing the following steps after the quenching step:
draining the vegetable oil quenchant from the quenching chamber;
evacuating the quenching chamber to provide a subatmospheric pressure in the quenching chamber;
injecting a cleaning material into the quenching chamber as a mixture of liquid and vapor such that the cleaning material adheres to the surfaces of the metal workload and combines with vegetable oil remaining on the surfaces of the metal workload; and then
spraying additional cleaning material in the form of a liquid onto multiple surfaces of the metal workload so as to rinse the surface of the metal part, whereby the combination of the vegetable oil and the cleaning material is removed from the metal workload as a solution of the vegetable oil and the liquid cleaning material.
6. The process as set forth in claim 5 comprising the steps of
re-evacuating the chamber after said spraying step such that the solution of vegetable oil and cleaning material in the quenching chamber evaporates to form a vapor; and then
removing the vapor from the quenching chamber.
7. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the positive pressure of the inert gas is held for a time sufficient for the metal to transform to the second metallurgical phase.
8. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the positive pressure of the inert gas is not more than 15 bar.
9. The process as set forth in claim 6 comprising the following steps after said removing step:
condensing the vapor removed from the quenching chamber to form a liquid solution again; and then
separating the vegetable oil from the cleaning material in the liquid solution.
10. The process as set forth in claim 6 which comprises the following steps after said removing step:
backfilling the quenching chamber with an inert gas to provide an atmospheric pressure inside said quenching chamber such that any residual liquid solution in the quenching chamber forms a solvent vapor;
removing the solvent vapor and the inert gas from the quenching chamber; and then
separating the solvent vapor from the inert gas.
11. The process as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step of recirculating the vegetable oil quenchant in the quenching chamber during said quenching step.