Composite materials and applications thereof and methods of making composite materials
Various embodiments of the present invention provide composite materials and methods of making the same. In some embodiments, the composite materials comprise high temperature resistant composite materials and methods of making high temperature resistant composite materials. In some embodiments, high temperature resistant composite materials of the present invention can be fabricated into landing pads, components used in landing pads to provide a structure to support the take-off and landing of aircraft, roadways or similar travel paths for heavy equipment, and/or components used in roadways or similar travel paths for heavy equipment. In one embodiment, a composite material comprises an inorganic ceramic matrix having a top surface in facing opposition to a bottom surface and at least one side surface between the top surface and the bottom surface, a first open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the matrix proximate the bottom surface of the matrix, and at least one additional open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the matrix between the first open weave fabric and the top surface of the matrix, wherein the at least one additional open weave fabric is positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix.
1. A composite material comprising:
an inorganic ceramic matrix having a top surface in facing opposition to a bottom surface and at least one side surface between the top surface and the bottom surface;
a first open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the matrix proximate the bottom surface of the matrix;
a first region of the matrix located between the first open weave fabric and the top surface of the matrix;
at least one additional open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the first region and positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix; and
a plurality of reinforcing bars arranged in a grid pattern disposed in the matrix between the first open weave fabric and the bottom surface and proximate the bottom surface of the matrix.
2. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional open weave fabric comprises two open weave fabrics adjacent to one another in the first region of the matrix.
3. The composite material of claim 2 , further comprising a second region above the first region and below the top surface, wherein the second region and comprises at least two open weave fabrics adjacent to one another and positioned closer to the bottom surface of the matrix than to the top surface.
4. The composite material of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of dowel rods extending from at least one side surface of the inorganic ceramic matrix.
5. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ceramic matrix comprises a phosphate ceramic matrix.
6. The composite material of claim 5 , wherein the inorganic ceramic matrix further comprises a plurality of stones.
7. The composite material of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of stones comprise from about 50% to about 65% by weight of the inorganic ceramic matrix.
8. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one open weave fabric comprises an open weave fiber glass fabric.
9. The composite material of claim 8 , wherein the at least one open weave fiber glass fabric weighs less than about 25 ounces per square yard.
10. The composite material of claim 8 , wherein the at least one open weave fiber glass fabric is at least partially coated with a polymer.
11. A panel comprising the composite material of claim 1 .
12. A landing pad comprising the composite material of claim 1 .
13. A composite material comprising:
an inorganic ceramic matrix having a top surface in facing opposition to a bottom surface;
at least one open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the matrix between the top surface and the bottom surface; and
a concrete layer wherein a surface of the concrete layer is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the inorganic ceramic matrix, wherein a majority of the open weave fabrics are positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix.
14. The composite material of claim 13 , wherein the at least one open weave fabric comprises a first open weave fabric disposed in the matrix proximate the bottom surface of the matrix.
15. The composite material of claim 13 , wherein the at least one open weave fabric comprises two open weave fabrics disposed in the matrix adjacent to each other and proximate the bottom surface of the matrix.
16. The composite material of claim 13 , wherein the inorganic ceramic matrix comprises a phosphate ceramic matrix.
17. The composite material of claim 16 , wherein the inorganic ceramic matrix further comprises a plurality of stones.
18. The composite material of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of stones comprise from about 50% to about 65% by weight of the inorganic ceramic matrix.
19. The composite material of claim 13 , wherein the at least one open weave fabric comprises an open weave fiber glass fabric.
20. The composite material of claim 19 , wherein the at least one open weave fiber glass fabric weighs less than about 25 ounces per square yard.
21. The composite material of claim 19 , wherein the at least one open weave fiber glass fabric is at least partially coated with a polymer.
22. A panel comprising the composite material of claim 13 .
23. A landing pad comprising the composite material of claim 13 .
24. A composite material comprising:
an inorganic ceramic matrix having a top surface in facing opposition to a bottom surface and at least one side surface between the top surface and the bottom surface;
a first open weave pattern material comprising a plurality of intersecting wires disposed in the matrix proximate the bottom surface of the matrix;
a first region of the matrix located between the first open weave pattern material and the top surface of the matrix; and
at least one open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the first region and positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix, wherein a majority of the open weave fabrics are positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix.
25. A landing pad comprising the composite material of claim 24 .
26. A composite material comprising:
an inorganic ceramic matrix having a top surface in facing opposition to a bottom surface and at least one side surface between the top surface and the bottom surface;
a first open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the matrix proximate the bottom surface of the matrix;
a first region of the matrix located between the first open weave fabric and the top surface of the matrix;
at least one additional open weave fabric comprising a plurality of fibers disposed in the first region and positioned closer to the bottom surface than the top surface of the matrix;
a plurality of reinforcing bars arranged in a grid pattern disposed in the matrix between the first open weave fabric and the bottom surface and proximate the bottom surface of the matrix;
a concrete layer wherein a surface of the concrete layer is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the inorganic ceramic matrix;
a plurality of stones comprising from about 50% to about 65% by weight of the inorganic ceramic matrix; and
a plurality of dowel rods extending from at least one side surface of the inorganic ceramic matrix;
wherein the plurality of dowel rods are positioned at least four inches from the bottom surface of the matrix.