Carbon nanotube thin film laminate resistive heater
Laminated resistive heaters comprising a carbon nanotube layer are described. The invention also includes methods of making laminated resistive heaters and applications using the resistive heaters.
1. A laminated resistive heater, comprising: a polymeric substrate, a carbon nanotube (CNT) resistive heating layer having an interior that is substantially polymer-free disposed on the substrate, first and second electrical leads connected to the CNT layer, a protective layer disposed on a side of the CNT layer opposite the side facing the substrate, and a pressure sensitive adhesive (psa) disposed on a side of the substrate opposite the side on which the CNT layer is disposed; and wherein the CNT resistive heating layer is arranged in a plurality of separated rows disposed on the polymeric substrate.
2. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the psa is directly disposed on the substrate.
3. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the CNT layer comprises hyaluronic acid in an amount less than 50 weight % of the CNT layer including additives.
4. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the protective layer is polyurethane.
5. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the electrical leads are printed on the substrate.
6. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a grooved substrate having peaks and troughs, and wherein the CNT layer is disposed in the troughs and not on the peaks.
7. The laminated resistive heater of claim 6 wherein the peaks are directly bonded to the protective layer.
8. The laminated resistive heater of claim 4 wherein the protective layer has a thickness of 150 μm or less.
9. The laminated resistive heater of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a polyether imide.
10. A laminated resistive heater, comprising: a polymeric substrate, a CNT resistive heating layer arranged in a plurality of separated rows disposed on the polymeric substrate, first and second electrical leads connected to the CNT layer, a protective layer disposed on a side of the CNT layer opposite the side facing the substrate.
11. The laminated resistive heater of claim 10 wherein the polymeric substrate is a grooved substrate and the CNT layer is disposed in grooves of the grooved substrate.
12. The laminated resistive heater of claim 11 wherein the protective layer directly contacts the tops of the grooved substrate.
13. A method of making the laminated resistive heater of claim 10 comprising a first step of placing strips of a masking material over the polymeric substrate; a subsequent second step of depositing a layer of CNTs; and a third step of removing the strips of masking material to result in plurality of separated rows of CNTs disposed on the polymeric substrate.
14. A method of applying a CNT network to a solid polymer substrate, comprising:
a first step comprising mechanically roughening the surface of the solid polymer substrate and/or exposing the surface of the solid polymer substrate to an organic solvent; and
a subsequent, second step of exposing the surface from step 1 to
a corona discharge, plasma, or flame; and
a subsequent third step of applying a CNT dispersion to the surface resulting from step 2.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the solid polymer substrate is a grooved substrate.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the first step comprises mechanically roughening the surface of the solid polymer substrate.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the second step comprises exposing the surface from step 1 to a corona discharge.