Support, lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method

1. A lithographic apparatus comprising;

a support configured to support an object, the support comprising:

a main body, and

projections projecting from a surface of the main body, at least one of the projections comprising:

a first surface coupled to the main body;

a second surface opposite to the first surface; and

an electrostatic actuator comprising electrodes that are positioned within the at least one of the projections and between the first and second surfaces of the at least one of the projections, the electrodes being configured to displace an entire surface area of the second surface relative to the main body in a direction with a component in a plane parallel to the surface of the main body.

2. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the projections comprises a plurality of electrostatic actuators.

3. The lithographic apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of electrostatic actuators are distributed around an axis of the at least one of the projections.

4. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one of the projections comprises a first electrostatic actuator, a second electrostatic actuator, and a third electrostatic actuator;

the first electrostatic actuator comprises a first center;

the second electrostatic actuator comprises a second center;

the third electrostatic actuator comprises a third center; and

the first center, the second center, and the third center are radially separated from each other by an angle of about 120° in a plane substantially parallel to the main body.

5. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the projections further comprises an isolating electrode for isolating the object from electric fields generated by the electrostatic actuator.

6. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to control application of an electric charge to the electrostatic actuator based on a spatial variation in flatness of a top surface of the object.

7. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are configured to displace the second surface in a direction with a component in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the main body.

8. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are configured to displace the second surface based on attractive or repulsive forces produced between the electrodes.

9. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are separated from each other by a gap filled with air, gas, vacuum, or a dielectric material.

10. A support for supporting an object, the support comprising:

a main body, and

projections projecting from a surface of the main body, at least one of the projections comprising:

a first surface coupled to the main body;

a second surface opposite to the first surface; and

an electrostatic actuator comprising electrodes that are positioned within the at least one of the projections and between the first and second surfaces of the at least one of the projections, the electrodes being configured to displace an entire surface area of the second surface relative to the main body in a direction with a component in a plane parallel to the surface of the main body.

11. The support of claim 10 , wherein the at least one of the projections comprises a plurality of electrostatic actuators.

12. The support of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of electrostatic actuators are distributed around an axis of the at least one of the projections.

13. The support of claim 10 , wherein:

the at least one of the projections comprises a first electrostatic actuator, a second electrostatic actuator, and a third electrostatic actuator;

the first electrostatic actuator comprises a first center;

the second electrostatic actuator comprises a second center;

the third electrostatic actuator comprises a third center; and

the first center, the second center, and the third center are radially separated from each other by an angle of about 120° in a plane substantially parallel to the main body.

14. The support of claim 10 , wherein the at least one of the projections further comprises an isolating electrode configured to isolate the object from electric fields generated by the electrostatic actuator.

15. The support of claim 10 , wherein the electrodes are configured to displace the second surface in a direction with a component in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the main body.

16. The support of claim 10 , wherein the electrodes are configured to displace the second surface based on attractive or repulsive forces produced between the electrodes.

17. The support of claim 10 , wherein the electrodes are separated from each other by a gap filled with air, gas, vacuum, or a dielectric material.

18. A device manufacturing method comprising:

supporting a substrate on a substrate support comprising:

a main body, and

projections projecting from a surface of the main body, at least one of the projections comprising electrodes that are positioned within the at least one of the projections; and

displacing, using the electrodes, an entire surface area of a free end of the at least one of the projections relative to the main body in a direction with a component in a plane parallel to the surface of the main body to change a profile of a top surface of the substrate.

19. The device manufacturing method of claim 18 , further comprising:

producing attractive or repulsive forces between the electrodes; and

displacing the free end of the at least one of the projections based on the attractive or repulsive forces between the electrodes.

20. The device manufacturing method of claim 18 , comprising displacing the free end of the at least one of the projections in a direction with a component in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the main body.