Printed tag real-time tracking
Disclosed are various embodiments for flexible, low-cost tracking devices capable of seamless indoor and outdoor tracking transitions. A tracking device may comprise, for example, circuitry combined with one or more transceivers on a flexible substrate. At least a portion of the circuitry may be printed using a conductive medium, such as nanoparticle ink. The tracking device may be configured to localize the tracking device via GPS or an alternative localization strategy based on a determination of whether GPS communication is available.
1. A tracking device, comprising:
a first layer comprising a first circuit, the first circuit comprising a localization system and a communication system, the localization system being configured to obtain location data to localize the tracking device via a global positioning system (GPS), the communication system being configured to obtain the location data to localize the tracking device via an alternative localization strategy responsive to the localization system being unable to obtain the location data via GPS;
a second layer comprising a second circuit, the second circuit comprising an antenna, the localization system or the communication system or both being configured to communicate via the antenna; and
a third layer comprising a third circuit, the third circuit comprising a power source configured to provide power to the localization system and the communication system,
wherein at least a portion of the first circuit, the second circuit, or the third circuit are printed on a substrate using a conductive medium.
2. The tracking device of claim 1 , wherein one of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Radiofrequency (RF), Ultrasonic, Z-Wave, or ZigBee is used as the alternative localization strategy to obtain the location data.
3. The tracking device of claim 1 , wherein the location data is measured via received signal strength indication (RSSI), time of arrival (TOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), or up-link time difference of arrival (U-TDOA).
4. The tracking device of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises a flexible substrate, the antenna being printed onto the flexible substrate using the conductive medium.
5. The tracking device of claim 4 , wherein the antenna printed onto the flexible substrate further comprises an L-shaped absence in a rectangular monopole structure.
6. The tracking device of claim 1 , wherein the tracking device is configured to communicate the location data to a remote computing device via the communication system, the remote computing device being configured to determine a location of the tracking device based at least in part on the location data.
7. The tracking device of claim 6 , wherein the remote computing device is further configured to determine the location of the tracking device by:
determining at least three estimated locations of the tracking device against at least three access points; and
determining a final location of the tracking device based at least in part on the at least three estimated locations.
8. The tracking device of claim 1 , wherein:
the conductive medium further comprises nanoparticle ink; and
the substrate further comprises a flexible substrate selected from a group consisting of: a paper substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, and a polymer substrate.
9. A tracking device, comprising:
a first circuit comprising a localization system and a communication system, the localization system being configured to obtain location data to localize the tracking device via a global positioning system (GPS), the communication system being configured to obtain the location data to localize the tracking device via an alternative localization strategy responsive to the localization system being unable to obtain the location data via GPS;
a second circuit comprising an antenna, the localization system or the communication system being configured to communicate via the antenna; and
wherein at least a portion of the first circuit or the second circuit are printed on a substrate using a conductive medium.
10. The tracking device of claim 9 , further comprising a third circuit comprising a power source configured to provide power to the localization system and the communication system.
11. The tracking device of claim 10 , wherein the first circuit is formed on a first layer, the second circuit is formed on a second layer, and the third circuit is formed on a third layer.
12. The tracking device of claim 11 , wherein the second layer comprises a flexible substrate, the antenna being printed onto the flexible substrate using the conductive medium.
13. The tracking device of claim 12 , wherein the antenna printed onto the flexible substrate further comprises an L-shaped absence in a rectangular monopole structure.
14. The tracking device of claim 9 , wherein the location data is measured via received signal strength indication (RSSI), time of arrival (TOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), or up-link time difference of arrival (U-TDOA).
15. The tracking device of claim 9 , wherein the tracking device is configured to communicate the location data to a remote computing device via the communication system, the remote computing device being configured to determine a location of the tracking device based at least in part on the location data by:
determining at least three estimated locations of the tracking device against at least three access points; and
determining a final location of the tracking device based at least in part on the at least three estimated locations.
16. The tracking device of claim 9 , wherein:
the conductive medium further comprises nanoparticle ink; and
the substrate further comprises a flexible substrate selected from a group consisting of: a paper substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, and a polymer substrate.
17. A method, comprising:
printing at least a portion of a first circuit or a second circuit on a flexible substrate using a conductive medium, wherein:
the first circuit comprises a localization system and a communication system, the localization system being configured to obtain location data to localize a tracking device via a global positioning system (GPS), the communication system being configured to obtain the location data to localize the tracking device via an alternative localization strategy responsive to the localization system being unable to obtain the location data via GPS;
the second circuit comprises an antenna, the localization system or the communication system being configured to communicate via the antenna; and
joining the first circuit and the second circuit to form the tracking device.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein
the conductive medium further comprises nanoparticle ink; and
the flexible substrate is selected from a group consisting of: a paper substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, and a polymer substrate.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising printing at least a portion of a third circuit comprising a power source configured to provide power to the localization system and the communication system.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
the first circuit is formed on a first layer, the second circuit is formed on a second layer, and the third circuit is formed on a third layer; and
the tracking device is formed by combining the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer.