Hierarchical system for controlling a battery of electrical energy storage devices
The solution relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used for producing high-voltage batteries of electrical energy storage devices for transport and power engineering requirements. What is proposed is: a hierarchial three-level system for controlling a battery of electrical energy storage devices, in which a lower control level is completely integrated with each storage device and comprises a transformer balancing circuit which makes it possible in a controlled manner to transmit energy from any storage device and back again into a DC main storage circuit which is open for the battery and thereby to selectively redistribute the energy between the storage devices independently of the location of said storage devices under the control of control units for all three levels, wherein a control unit for controlling a module of storage devices in the medium control level additionally solves the problem of thermal regulation of the battery, and a unit for controlling the battery in the upper control level solves the problems of the storage of statistical data and performing the functions of an electronic archive of events, expert analysis for diagnostics of battery cells, evaluation of residual service life and optimization of the charge from an on-board charger depending on the status of the storage devices and external conditions, as well as ensuring tolerance to the type of electrical energy storage devices.
1. A hierarchical control system of an electrical energy storage battery, comprising:
modules of series-connected electrical energy storage with temperature sensors;
units of identification numbers of the storage modules and status indicators thereof; and
units of active charge equalization according to a transformer circuit connected with a corresponding control device that is connected via an intramodular serial communication link through a channel controller to a battery control unit connected to a current sensor which is series-connected with the storage modules, to a switcher with a safety fuse and to an on-board charger;
wherein a charge equalization device and the control device are performed for each battery storage module as single constructive lower level control circuits including a storage control unit;
wherein the equalization device is configured as a bidirectional transfer of energy back and forth from a single storage to a through storage mainline of a DC battery which have parallel-connected capacitors of storage control units, connected in parallel to secondary windings of a storage transformer that is executed by way of a power converter, increasing to the storage mainline of the battery with electronic keys shunted by diodes in primary and secondary windings of the transformer;
wherein the control device of the storage control unit is made according to the storage powered from a voltage converter of a microcontroller connected to the electronic key in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer of the equalization device through a driver and a galvanically separated driver respectively powered from a voltage converter;
wherein the primary winding of the storage transformer of the storage control unit is connected to an output “+” of the respective storage via a fuse and a current sensor, and via the electronic key to a storage output “−” and a common wire of the voltage converter, microcontroller and control drivers of keys of storage control unit;
wherein outputs of the current sensor, temperature sensor and storage output “+” are connected to a bus of measurement signals of the microcontroller of the storage control unit, to a bus of single commands of which they are connected;
wherein the units of storage identification number, the storage status indicators and comparators of upper and lower levels are connected to the storage mainline of the battery through a self-recovering fuse;
wherein outputs of a serial interface of the microcontroller storage control units are connected via a galvanic separation unit to an intramodular serial communication link connected to a middle-level module control unit of the battery control containing a microcontroller which is powered from the module through a voltage downconverter;
wherein the bus of measurement signals of the microcontroller module control unit has the connected outputs “+” and “−” of the storage module via a measurement circuit, and has connected outputs “+” and “−” of the storage mainline of the battery via a galvanically separated measurement circuit;
wherein the bus of single commands of the microcontroller module control unit has the connected module status indicator and unit of module identification number, and a thermoregulation unit with executive devices in the form of fans, electric heaters and dampers is connected to the outputs of microcontroller unit;
wherein outputs of the serial interface of microcontroller module control unit is connected via the galvanic separation unit to an intermodule serial communication link which is connected the battery control unit of a top-level control that contains the microcontroller with high performance and memory capacity powered via the battery through the voltage downconverter, to the bus of measurement signals of which the battery current sensor is connected, to the measurement circuit of which the battery outputs “+” and “−” are connected, to the galvanically separated measurement circuit of which the buses “+” and “−” of the storage mainline of the battery are connected, to the bus of single commands of which the battery status indicator, switch control input and on-board charger are connected, and the outputs of the serial interface are connected via the galvanic separation unit to the serial communication link with external systems and to the on-board charger.