Method and circuit arrangement for switching a semiconductor switch
A method is disclosed for switching a semiconductor switch from a first static switch state to a second static switch state by controlling a control connection of the semiconductor switch. The method includes switching the semiconductor switch in a current-controlled manner starting from the first static switch state in a first switching phase by applying at least one first specified actuating current at the control connection of the semiconductor switch in a controlled manner, and switching the semiconductor switch in a voltage-controlled manner in a second switching phase following the first switching phase by applying at least one first specified actuating voltage to the control connection of the semiconductor switch in a controlled manner until the second static switch state is reached. In this manner, switching losses are reduced.
1. A method for switching a semiconductor switch from a first steady-state switching state to a second steady-state switching state by controlling a control connection of the semiconductor switch the method comprising:
in a first switching stage, applying, in a controlled manner, at least one first, predetermined actuation current at the control connection of the semiconductor switch to provide current-controlled switching of the semiconductor switch starting from the first steady-state switching state in a first switching phase, and
in a second switching phase following the first switching phase, applying, in a controlled manner, at least one first, predetermined actuation voltage at the control connection of the semiconductor switch to provide voltage-controlled switching of the semiconductor switch until the second steady-state switching state has been reached
either (a) the first steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and the second steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch, or (b) the first steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch and the second steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and
the semiconductor switch is on in the closed switching state, and the semiconductor switch is off in the open switching state.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in a first switching operation of the semiconductor switch from the open switching state to the closed switching state, a transition from the first switching phase to the second switching phase occurs depending on (a) a voltage present between an input current connection and an output current connection of the semiconductor switch or (b) a parameter characterizing the first voltage (UE).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in a second switching operation of the semiconductor switch from the closed switching state to the open switching state, a transition from the first switching phase to the second switching phase occurs depending on (a) a voltage present between the control connection and the output current connection of the semiconductor switch or (b) a parameter characterizing the second voltage.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor switch is switched in a controlled manner to the open steady-state switching state by switching on a first controllable driver switch, and
wherein the first driver switch:
(a) is switched on in current-controlled fashion in the first switching phase of the semiconductor switch by the at least one first actuation current, and
(b) is switched on in voltage-controlled fashion in the second switching phase of the semiconductor switch by the at least one first actuation voltage.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor switch is switched in controlled fashion to the closed steady-state switching state by switching on a second controllable driver switch, and
wherein the second driver switch:
(a) is switched on in current-controlled fashion in the first switching phase of the semiconductor switch by at least one third, predetermined actuation current, and
(b) is switched on in voltage-controlled fashion in the second switching phase of the semiconductor switch by at least one second, predetermined actuation voltage.
6. The method of claim 4 , comprising switching-on of the first driver switch by the at least one first actuation voltage:
(a) in response to the presence of a first signal edge or a first signal level of the control signal for switching the semiconductor switch into the open switching state, and
(b) in response to the second reference voltage being undershot by the second voltage.
7. The method of claim 6 , comprising switching-on of the second driver switch by the second actuation voltage:
(a) in response to the presence of a second signal edge or of a second signal level of the control signal for switching the semiconductor switch into the closed switching state, and
(b) in response to the first reference voltage being undershot by the first voltage.
8. The method of claim 4 , comprising switching-on of the first driver switch by the at least one first actuation current:
(a) in response to the presence of the first signal edge or the first signal level of the control signal,
(b) in response to the second reference voltage being overshot by the second voltage, and
(c) as long as the first voltage undershoots the first reference voltage.
9. The method of claim 8 , comprising switching-on of the first driver switch by a second, predetermined actuation current which is lower than the at least one first actuation current:
(a) in response to the presence of the first signal edge or the first signal level of the control signal,
(b) in response to the first reference voltage being overshot by the first voltage, and
(c) as long as the second voltage does not undershoot the second reference voltage.
10. The method of claim 9 , comprising switching-on of the second driver switch by the at least one third actuation current:
(a) in response to the presence of the second signal edge or the second signal level of the control signal,
(b) in response to the first reference voltage being overshot by the first voltage, and
(c) as long as the second voltage undershoots the second reference voltage.
11. The method of claim 10 , comprising switching-on of the second driver switch by a fourth, predetermined actuation current which is lower, than the at least one third actuation current
(a) in response to the presence of the second signal edge or the second signal level of the control signal,
(b) in response to the second reference voltage being overshot by the second voltage, and
(c) as long as the first voltage does not undershoot the first reference voltage.
12. A circuit arrangement for switching a semiconductor switch controllable via a control connection from a first steady-state switching state to a second steady-state switching state by controlling the control connection of the semiconductor switch, wherein:
the circuit arrangement is configured to switch the semiconductor switch in current-controlled fashion starting from the first steady-state switching state in a first switching phase by applying, in controlled fashion, at least one first, predetermined actuation current at the control connection of the semiconductor switch, and
the circuit arrangement is configured to switch the semiconductor switch in voltage-controlled fashion in a second switching phase following the first switching phase by applying, in controlled fashion, at least one first, predetermined actuation voltage at the control connection of the semiconductor switch until the second steady-state switching state has been reached,
wherein either (a) the first steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and the second steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch, or (b) the first steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch and the second steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and
the semiconductor switch is on in the closed switching state, and the semiconductor switch is off in the open switching state.
13. A power converter for providing at least one phase current for an electric machine comprising at least one semiconductor switch, wherein the power converter comprises:
at least one circuit arrangement for switching the at least one semiconductor switch,
wherein each circuit arrangement is configured to:
switch the semiconductor switch in current-controlled fashion starting from the first steady-state switching state in a first switching phase by applying, in controlled fashion, at least one first, predetermined actuation current at the control connection of the semiconductor switch, and
switch the semiconductor switch in voltage-controlled fashion in a second switching phase following the first switching phase by applying, in controlled fashion, at least one first, predetermined actuation voltage at the control connection of the semiconductor switch until the second steady-state switching state has been reached, and
wherein either (a) the first steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and the second steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch, or (b) the first steady-state switching state is a closed switching state of the semiconductor switch and the second steady-state switching state is an open switching state of the semiconductor switch, and
the semiconductor switch is on in the closed switching state, and the semiconductor switch is off in the open switching state.