Methods for identifying drug effects on a cell by determining changes in the cell's spliced message profile
The invention provides products of manufacture for screening for compositions that can modify a cell's gene expression profile, and methods for making and using them. In one embodiment, the invention provides products of manufacture and methods comprising a high content, high throughput screening for a composition (e.g., chemicals, small molecules) that can modify a cell's physiology based on the composition's ability to modify the cell's gene expression signature.
1. A method for determining whether a test compound modifies or alters gene expression in a cell, comprising:
(a) identifying a gene signature comprising a plurality of genes associated with differences between the beginning and an end stage of a cell type;
(b) obtaining mRNA from a control cell not contacted with the test compound;
(b1) contacting a test cell with the test compound;
(c) obtaining mRNA from the cell that has been contacted with the test compound;
(d) contacting the mRNA from (b) and (c) with an oligo-dT linked to a capture moiety to obtain capture-tagged mRNA;
(e) contacting the capture-tagged mRNA with a plurality of oligonucleotide pairs that anneal to the plurality of genes, each of the oligonucleotides of the pair of oligonucleotides having a sequence designed to specifically hybridize or anneal to an mRNA message of the plurality of genes such that when both the first and second primer of the primer pair are hybridized or annealed to the mRNA, the first and the second primers can be ligated and wherein the oligonucleotide pairs comprise a sequence complementary to a bar-coded PCR primer;
(f) capturing the capture-tagged mRNA comprising annealed oligonucleotide pairs on a solid phase;
(g) washing the captured mRNA;
(h) ligating adjacent oligonucleotide pairs;
(i) denaturing and eluting ligated oligonucleotide pairs;
(j) amplifying the ligated oligonucleotide pairs with the bar-coded PCR primer to obtain bar-coded amplicons;
(k) sequencing the bar-coded amplicons to obtain sequence information; and
(l) determining a difference in the gene signature between the cell not contacted with the test compound compared to the cell contacted with the test compound using the sequence information,
wherein finding a difference in the gene signature is indicative of a test compound the modifies gene expression in the cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test compound comprises a library of compositions or compounds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test compound comprises a small molecule, a peptide, a polypeptide, a peptidomimetic, a nucleic acid, a polysaccharide or carbohydrate; and/or a lipid or a fat.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nucleic acid is an antisense, an miRNA or an siRNA molecule.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is contacted with the test compound before, during and/or after exposure of the cell to a differentiation factor, a carcinogen, a mutating agent, a histone modifying agent, an enzyme, a miRNA, an siRNA, a histone methyl-transferase, a demethylase, and/or an epigenetic factor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequence complementary to a bar-coded PCR primer is a universal primer sequence.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bar-coded primer is different between the cell not contacted with the test compound and the cell contacted with the compound.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capture moiety and capturing is by biotin-streptavidin.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid phase is a bead or a platform.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a subset of the plurality genes are housekeeping or constitutively expressed genes.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide pairs hybridize to spliced mRNA.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beginning and end stage of the cell comprise a stem cell and a differentiated cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beginning and end stage of the cell comprise a normal cell and a cancer cell.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capture moiety comprises a biotin or an imino-biotin or equivalent.