Receiver circuit, phased-array receiver and radar system
A receiver circuit, comprises an input balun circuit comprising a balanced balun output and being capable of receiving RF signals, an input amplification circuit comprising a balanced amplifier input and a balanced amplifier output, a single balanced in-phase mixing circuit comprising a first unbalanced RF mixer input and a balanced in-phase mixing frequency input, and a single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprising a second unbalanced RF mixer input and a balanced quadrature mixing frequency input. The balanced amplifier input is connected to the balanced balun output, a first terminal of the balanced amplifier output is connected to provide an amplified RF signal to the first unbalanced RF mixer input and a second terminal of the balanced amplifier output is connected to provide a phase-shifted amplified RF signal to the second unbalanced RF mixer input.
1. A receiver circuit, comprising:
an input balun circuit comprising a balanced balun output and being capable of receiving RF signals, wherein balanced outputs are differential outputs, balanced inputs are differential inputs, and unbalanced inputs are single-ended inputs;
an input amplification circuit comprising:
a balanced amplifier input connected to the balanced balun output; and
a balanced amplifier output;
a single balanced in-phase mixing circuit comprising:
a first unbalanced RF mixer input; and
a balanced in-phase mixing frequency input; and
a single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprising:
a second unbalanced RF mixer input; and
a balanced quadrature mixing frequency input;
wherein
a first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to provide an amplified RF signal to said first unbalanced RF mixer input, the first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is not connected to the single balanced quadrature mixing circuit,
a second terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to provide a phase-shifted amplified RF signal to said second unbalanced RF mixer input, and the second terminal of said balanced amplifier output is not connected to the single balanced in-phase mixing circuit.
2. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to a first capacitive coupling device connected to a first transmission line connected to a second capacitive coupling device connected to said second terminal of said balanced amplifier output.
3. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said first transmission line is a half-wavelength transmission line.
4. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein one or more of said single balanced in-phase mixing circuit and said single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprises two transistors connected to form a common-emitter circuit.
5. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a control terminal of each of said two transistors is connected to a corresponding quarter-wavelength transmission line arranged to provide a common bias voltage.
6. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said single balanced in-phase mixing circuit comprises an in-phase IF output connected to provide an in-phase IF signal to a first filter circuit arranged to remove an in-phase mixing frequency portion from said in-phase IF signal.
7. The receiver as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said first filter circuit comprises at least a first quarter-wavelength transmission line and at least a first capacitive device.
8. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprises a quadrature IF output connected to provide a quadrature IF signal to a second filter circuit arranged to remove a quadrature mixing frequency portion from said quadrature IF signal.
9. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said second filter circuit comprises at least a second quarter-wavelength transmission line and at least a second capacitive device.
10. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a mixing frequency signal source connected to a 90° hybrid coupler comprising a first hybrid output connected to said balanced in-phase mixing frequency input, and a second hybrid output connected to said balanced quadrature mixing frequency input.
11. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 10 , comprising one or more of a first fine tuning phase balancing circuit connected to said first hybrid output and a second fine tuning phase balancing circuit connected to said second hybrid output.
12. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 11 , wherein one or more of said first and second fine tuning phase balancing circuits comprises a varactor circuit.
13. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said receiver circuit is a direct conversion receiver.
14. A phased array receiver, comprising:
a receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 ; and
an antenna connected to an input terminal of the input balun circuit for receiving an incoming RF signal.
15. A radar system, comprising:
a receiver circuit as claimed in claim 1 ;
an antenna connected an input terminal of the input balun circuit for receiving a radar signal; and
a sender for radiating the radar signal.
16. A receiver circuit, comprising:
an input balun circuit comprising a balanced balun output and being capable of receiving RF signals, wherein balanced outputs are differential outputs, balanced inputs are differential inputs, and unbalanced inputs are single-ended inputs;
an input amplification circuit comprising:
a balanced amplifier input connected to the balanced balun output; and
a balanced amplifier output;
a single balanced in-phase mixing circuit comprising:
a first unbalanced RF mixer input; and
a balanced in-phase mixing frequency input;
a single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprising:
a second unbalanced RF mixer input; and
a balanced quadrature mixing frequency input;
a mixing frequency signal source connected to a 90° hybrid coupler comprising:
a first hybrid output connected to the balanced in-phase mixing frequency input; and
a second hybrid output connected to the balanced quadrature mixing frequency input; and
one or more of a first fine tuning phase balancing circuit connected to the first hybrid output and a second fine tuning phase balancing circuit connected to the second hybrid output;
wherein
a first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to provide an amplified RF signal to said first unbalanced RF mixer input, the first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is not connected to the single balanced quadrature mixing circuit,
a second terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to provide a phase-shifted amplified RF signal to said second unbalanced RF mixer input, and the second terminal of said balanced amplifier output is not connected to the single balanced in-phase mixing circuit.
17. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 16 , wherein one or more of said first and second fine tuning phase balancing circuits comprises a varactor circuit.
18. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 16 , wherein said first terminal of said balanced amplifier output is connected to a first capacitive coupling device connected to a first transmission line connected to a second capacitive coupling device connected to said second terminal of said balanced amplifier output.
19. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said first transmission line is a half-wavelength transmission line.
20. The receiver circuit as claimed in claim 16 , wherein one or more of said single balanced in-phase mixing circuit and said single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprises two transistors connected to form a common-emitter circuit.