Vortex generation

1. A vortex generation apparatus comprising a vortex generator coupled to a trailing edge of a wing leading edge lift augmentation device, and configured to deploy with the wing leading edge lift augmentation device into a position where the vortex generator will generate vortices over at least a portion of a main wing body upper surface region trailing the vortex generator;

wherein the leading edge lift augmentation device comprises a leading edge flap having a flap seal; and

wherein the vortex generator is incorporated into a trailing edge of the flap seal of the leading edge flap, which lays flat along the upper wing surface contour of the main wing body when the leading edge flap is stowed and which projects away from the upper wing surface contour of the main wing body when the leading edge flap is deployed.

2. A vortex generation apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which the vortex generator comprises a pattern provided in and along at least a portion of the trailing edge of the flap seal.

3. A vortex generation apparatus as defined in claim 2 in which the pattern comprises serrations.

4. A vortex generation apparatus as defined in claim 2 in which the vortex generator projects upward from the upper wing surface contour over at least a portion of a range of leading edge flap deployment and the vortex generator lies flat along the upper wing surface contour at least when the leading edge flap is stowed.

5. A vortex generation apparatus as defined in claim 4 in which the leading edge flap is configured such that:

the vortex generator lies flat along the upper wing surface contour when the leading edge flap is stowed and when the leading edge flap is deployed only to a limited extent such that the flap seal trailing edge is not deflected away from the upper wing surface contour; and

the vortex generator is deflected away from the upper wing surface contour when the leading edge flap is deployed sufficiently to deflect the flap seal trailing edge away from the upper wing surface contour to extend into over-wing airflow.

6. A vortex generation apparatus as defined in claim 2 in which the pattern is formed in and along an approximate spanwise outer third of the leading edge flap.

7. A vortex generation method comprising the step of deploying a wing leading edge lift augmentation device into a position where a vortex generator coupled to the device generates vortices over a main wing body upper surface region trailing the vortex generator;

wherein the step of deploying a wing leading edge lift augmentation device includes deploying a leading edge flap; and

wherein, before the leading edge flap deployment step, the method includes the additional step of forming the vortex generator in a trailing edge of a flap seal of the leading edge flap such that the vortex generator and trailing edge lie flat along the upper wing surface contour of the main wing body when the leading edge flap is stowed and project away from the upper wing surface contour of the main wing body when the leading edge flap is deployed.

8. The method of claim 7 in which the vortex generator formation step includes forming serrations in and along at least a portion of the trailing edge of the flap seal of the leading edge flap.

9. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes at least one of optimizing spanwise spacing for tip shock mitigation or optimizing location of the serrations for tip shock mitigation.

10. The method of claim 9 in which the step of optimizing the location of the serrations includes optimizing the spanwise location of the serrations to coincide with a spanwise location of a known area of unsteady separated flow.

11. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes optimizing at least one of spanwise spacing and location of the serrations to reduce drag.

12. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes at least one of optimizing spanwise spacing to improve low-observable characteristics or optimizing location of the serrations to improve low-observable characteristics.

13. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes at least one of optimizing spanwise spacing to achieve a desired compromise between drag, unsteady tip-shock mitigation, and low-observable characteristics or optimizing location of the serrations to achieve a desired compromise between drag, unsteady tip-shock mitigation, and low-observable characteristics.

14. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes forming the serrations in and along an approximate spanwise outer third of the leading edge flap.

15. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes optimizing angular geometry of each of the serrations to provide a desired level of unsteady flow mitigation and low observable characteristics.

16. The method of claim 8 in which the step of forming serrations includes optimizing flap seal trailing edge serration size to provide a desired level of unsteady flow mitigation and low observable characteristics.