Subdural electro-optical sensor
A subdural electro-optical sensor system may include a substrate to which is attached an array of electrodes, light emitters, and light detectors. The sensor system may be sufficiently thin, flexible, sterile and biocompatible to be positioned subdurally.
1. A subdural electro-optical sensor system comprising:
a subdural electro-optical sensor having a substrate to which is attached an array of electrodes and multiple integrated light emitter-detectors; wherein the subdural electro-optical sensor is sufficiently thin, flexible, sterile and biocompatible to be positioned subdurally, wherein the electrodes alternate with the multiple integrated light emitter-detectors in the array and wherein each integrated light emitter-detector comprises one light detector and two light emitters, each of the two light emitters are configured to emit light at different wavelengths.
2. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the two light emitters are configured to selectively emit light at 570 nm and at 610 nm, respectively.
3. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the one light detector in each of the integrated light emitter-detectors is a photodiode, and the system further comprises an amplifier coupled to the photodiode.
4. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein each wavelength is centered at a target wavelength and comprises a wavelength band having a bandwidth of less than 20 nm.
5. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are thin disc-shaped electrodes having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
6. The sensor system of claim 1 , further comprising a processor connected to the electrodes and the integrated light emitter-detectors so as to receive signals from them indicative of light detected by the integrated light emitter-detectors and voltages measured by the electrodes.
7. The sensor system of claim 6 , further comprising an electrical stimulator so coupled to the processor as to initiate electrical stimulation in response to the received signals.
8. The sensor system of claim 7 , wherein the electrical stimulator is selected from a group comprising an electrical surface stimulator and an electrical deep brain stimulator.
9. The sensor system of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to control each of the two light emitters of the same integrated emitter-detector to sequentially emit the light.
10. The sensor system of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured generate an alert based on the received signals.
11. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein a distance between two electrodes is in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm.
12. The sensor system of claim 11 , wherein a distance between two electrodes is 10 mm.
13. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a thickness of about 300 microns.
14. The sensor system of claim 13 , wherein the electrodes and the integrated light emitter-detectors have a thickness of 500 microns.
15. A method of monitoring a property of a subdural structure in a subject where a sensor system is subdurally and superficially implanted into the subject's pia mater, where the sensor system comprises a substrate to which is attached an array of electrodes and multiple integrated light emitter-detectors, wherein the sensor system is sufficiently thin, flexible, sterile and biocompatible to be positioned subdurally, wherein the electrodes alternate with the multiple integrated light emitter-detectors in the array and wherein each integrated light emitter-detector comprises one light detector and two light emitters, each of the two light emitters are configured to emit light at different wavelengths, the method comprising:
emitting light from at least one of the light emitters of at least one of the multiple integrated light emitter-detectors upon the subdural structure;
detecting light emitted from the subdural structure at the light detector in the same integrated light emitter-detectors which include the at least one light emitter that emitted light;
measuring a voltage between an electrode and a reference potential or a second electrode; and
generating one or more output signals indicative of the detected light and the measured voltage.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein at least one light emitter emits light selectively at 570 nm, at least one light emitter emits light selectively at 610 nm, and the method further comprises detecting a hemodynamic change from the detected emitted light.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the sensor system further comprises an electrical stimulator, and the method comprises stimulating the subject's brain using the electrical stimulator if at least one of the detected light and the measured voltage indicate the need for brain stimulation.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein at least one light emitter continuously emits near-infrared light.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein each wavelength is centered at a target wavelength and comprises a wavelength band having a bandwidth of less than 20 nm.