Tannin-containing gastrointestinal formulations and methods of use
Tannin-containing compositions and methods of using same to enhance or maintain immune function during simplified nutrition feeding. Pharmaceutical compositions, including enteral nutrition compositions, are provided. The compositions comprise such tannins as proanthocyanidins and/or hydrolysable tannins. Administering the tannins to the gastrointestinal tract of a subject receiving simplified nutrition, such as with enteral nutrition therapy or parenteral nutrition therapy, attenuates or prevents deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal immune system that would otherwise occur with the simplified nutrition.
1. A method to attenuate suppressive immunological effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function, the method comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving the enteral nutrition, wherein the enteral nutrition comprises tube feeding, wherein the subject comprises a mammal.
2. A method to attenuate suppressive immunological effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function, the method comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving the enteral nutrition, wherein the enteral nutrition comprises tube feeding, wherein the administering comprises administering a composition comprising the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins and comprising no monomeric tannin components or less than about 5 wt. % monomeric tannin components.
3. A method to attenuate suppressive immunological effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function, the method comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving the enteral nutrition, wherein the enteral nutrition comprises tube feeding, wherein the one or more proanthocyanidins have a degree of polymerization of at least 2.
4. A method to attenuate suppressive immunological effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function, the method comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving the enteral nutrition, wherein the enteral nutrition comprises tube feeding, wherein the method comprises administering the one or more proanthocyanidins in an amount of from about 1 μg/kg of subject body weight to about 100 mg/kg of subject body weight, per day.
5. The method of claim 1 comprising administering the one or more proanthocyanidins in an amount of from about 5 mg/kg of subject body weight to about 10 mg/kg of subject body weight, per day.
6. A method to attenuate suppressive immunological effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function, the method comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving the enteral nutrition, wherein the enteral nutrition comprises tube feeding, wherein the effective amount is an amount effective to result in one or more of increased levels of ileal IL-4, increased levels of ileal IL-13, increased density of goblet cells, increased goblet cell size, increased relative luminal MUC2 concentration, inhibited reduction of phosphorylated STAT6, inhibited reduction of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and increased luminal secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) levels compared to administering enteral nutrition without the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins.