Wound dressings and performance measurement of such dressings
A wound dressing ( 10 ) including a plurality of discrete, spaced apart pairs of electrodes ( 18 a, 18 b ) for allowing an electrical property or characteristic of the dressing ( 10 ) to be measured. By measuring an electrical characteristic of the dressing, such as the impedance, the hydration thereof can be determined and monitored.
1. A wound dressing that includes a plurality of paired electrodes disposed at a plurality of predetermined locations, the plurality of paired electrodes including at least a first set of paired electrodes and a second set of paired electrodes, wherein the plurality of paired electrodes allow an electrical property or characteristic of a portion of the dressing to be measured between electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes independently from the second set of paired electrodes when a current is applied between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes to independently measure the area of the dressing between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes, wherein between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes there is a current flow path, and between the first set of paired electrodes and the second set of paired electrodes there is substantially no current flow path and wherein between the electrodes of each set of paired electrodes there is a path that allows current to flow in the presence of wound exudate.
2. A wound dressing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are embedded within the dressing.
3. A wound dressing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are on a surface of the dressing.
4. A wound dressing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are wire or printed electrodes.
5. A wound dressing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are made of silver/silver chloride.
6. A wound dressing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes include terminals for connecting to an impedance meter or electrochemical analysis instrument.
7. An insert for use with a wound dressing, the insert having a plurality of paired electrodes, the plurality of paired electrodes including at least a first set of paired electrodes and a second set of paired electrodes, wherein the plurality of paired electrodes allow an electrical property or characteristic of a portion of the dressing to be measured between electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes independently from the second set of paired electrodes when a current is applied between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes to independently measure the area of the dressing between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes, wherein between the electrodes of the first set of paired electrodes there is a current flow path, and between the first set of paired electrodes and the second set of paired electrodes there is substantially no current flow path and wherein between the electrodes of each set of paired electrodes there is a path that allows current to flow in the presence of wound exudate.
8. An insert as claimed in claim 7 wherein the plurality of paired electrodes are on a porous film.
9. A method for measuring wound dressing hydration, wherein the wound dressing includes at least one pair of embedded electrodes, the method comprising:
applying an ac signal between the electrodes of the at least one pair of embedded electrodes, the at least one pair of embedded electrodes being in contact with the wound dressing;
measuring total impedance of material of at least one of the dressing or any exudate or wound substances present between the embedded electrodes using the ac signal;
comparing the measured impedance with predetermined hydration level criteria for each of at least three hydration categories including dry, moist and wet, the predetermined hydration level criteria for each of the at least three hydration categories being different relative to one another; and
characterizing the hydration of the dressing into one of the at least three hydration categories according to the predetermined hydration level criteria and the measured impedance.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 involving analyzing the constituents of a fluid in the dressing using the impedance measured.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 comprising monitoring the impedance as a function of time.
12. A method as claimed in claim 9 comprising measuring the impedance at a plurality of locations to provide a three-dimensional moisture distribution.
13. A method as claimed in claim 9 comprising varying the frequency and/or voltage of the ac signal to select optimum measurement conditions.
14. A method as claimed in claim 9 comprising using a dc signal in addition to the ac signal.
15. A method for measuring wound dressing hydration using an insert that includes at least one pair of electrodes and is adapted for use with the wound dressing, the method comprising:
disposing the insert on the wound dressing wherein the at least one pair of electrodes are in contact with the wound dressing;
applying an ac signal between the electrodes of the at least one pair of electrodes, the at least one pair of electrodes being in contact with the wound dressing;
measuring total impedance of material of at least one of the dressing or any exudate or wound substances present between the electrodes using the ac signal; and
comparing the measured impedance with predetermined hydration level criteria for each of at least three hydration categories including dry, moist and wet, the predetermined hydration level criteria for each of the at least three hydration categories being different relative to one another; and
characterizing the hydration of the dressing into one of the at least three hydration categories according to the predetermined hydration level criteria and the measured impedance.