Clipping of graphics primitives
Techniques for performing clipping of graphics primitives 60 with respect to a clipping boundary 65 are described. The clipping step 10 may be performed separately for each tile of a graphics frame to be rendered, after a primitive list for the tile has been read from a primitive memory 38 . Clipping may be performed only for larger primitives whose size exceeds a given threshold. Clipping of a primitive 60 to the clipping boundary 65 may be performed inexactly so that only a single clipped primitive is generated which may extend beyond the clipping boundary. A clipped primitive generated by clipping may be used for a depth function calculation of a primitive setup operation and not for an edge determination.
1. A method of processing graphics primitives for a frame to be displayed, the method comprising steps of:
allocating each primitive to at least one of a plurality of tiles forming the frame to be displayed;
for each tile, storing in a primitive memory a primitive list identifying vertex data for vertices of the primitives allocated to the corresponding tile; and
performing tile processing separately for each tile, the tile processing comprising:
(i) reading the primitive list for the tile from the primitive memory;
(ii) if the primitive list identifies a target primitive that satisfies a clipping condition, performing a clipping operation for clipping the target primitive with respect to the clipping boundary to generate additional vertex data for at least one additional vertex for a clipped primitive not identified in the primitive list, the clipped primitive extending beyond the clipping boundary by a smaller amount than the target primitive;
(iii) performing at least one further graphics processing operation using the vertex data identified in the primitive list and the additional vertex data generated by the clipping operation; and
(iv) outputting display data generated by the at least one further graphics processing operation for the tile.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the additional vertex data generated by the clipping operation is stored in a cache memory having a lower access latency than the primitive memory.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the additional vertex data is represented by weight values for determining the additional vertex data from the vertex data of the target primitive.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clipping boundary corresponds to a boundary of a view frustum.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clipping boundary is outside a boundary of a view frustum.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clipping condition is satisfied if the target primitive extends beyond the clipping boundary.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clipping condition is satisfied if the target primitive extends beyond the clipping boundary and a primitive size parameter indicative of a size of the target primitive exceeds a predetermined threshold.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one further graphics processing operation comprises at least one of:
a primitive setup operation comprising at least one of an edge determination for determining which positions are inside or outside an edge of the primitive and a depth function determination for determining a depth function for determining depth values within the primitive; and
a rasterization operation for calculating position data for a plurality of graphics fragments to be used to represent the primitive.
9. An apparatus for processing graphics primitives for a frame to be displayed, comprising:
allocation circuitry configured to allocate each primitive to at least one of a plurality of tiles forming the frame to be displayed;
a primitive memory configured to store for each tile a primitive list identifying vertex data for vertices of the primitives allocated to the corresponding tile; and
a tile processing pipeline configured to perform tile processing separately for each tile, the tile processing comprising:
(i) reading the primitive list for the tile from the primitive memory;
(ii) if the primitive list identifies a target primitive that satisfies a clipping condition, performing a clipping operation for clipping the target primitive with respect to the clipping boundary to generate additional vertex data for at least one additional vertex for a clipped primitive not identified in the primitive list, the clipped primitive extending beyond the clipping boundary by a smaller amount than the target primitive;
(iii) performing at least one further graphics processing operation using the vertex data identified in the primitive list and the additional vertex data generated by the clipping operation; and
(iv) outputting display data generated by the at least one further graphics processing operation for the tile.
10. An apparatus for processing graphics primitives for a frame to be displayed, comprising:
allocation means for allocating each primitive to at least one of a plurality of tiles forming the frame to be displayed;
primitive memory means for storing for each tile a primitive list identifying vertex data for vertices of the primitives allocated to the corresponding tile; and
tile processing means for performing tile processing separately for each tile, the tile processing comprising:
(i) reading the primitive list for the tile from the primitive memory means;
(ii) if the primitive list identifies a target primitive that satisfies a clipping condition, performing a clipping operation for clipping the target primitive with respect to the clipping boundary to generate additional vertex data for at least one additional vertex for a clipped primitive not identified in the primitive list, the clipped primitive extending beyond the clipping boundary by a smaller amount than the target primitive;
(iii) performing at least one further graphics processing operation using the vertex data identified in the primitive list and the additional vertex data generated by the clipping operation; and
(iv) outputting display data generated by the at least one further graphics processing operation for the tile.