Small molecule compounds that control plant- and insect-pathogenic nematodes

1. A method of modifying behavior of a nematode, comprising:

providing a composition comprising a compound selected from

or a salt thereof; and

administering an effective dosage of the composition to the nematode;

wherein the nematode is in contact with a plant.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nematode is not a Caenorhabditis species.

3. A method of promoting or inhibiting reproduction in a nematode in contact with a plant, comprising:

providing a composition comprising a compound selected from

or a salt thereof; and

administering an effective dosage of the composition to the nematode in contact with the plant.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition comprises one or more compounds selected from

5. A method of promoting or inhibiting nematode aggregation at a first location in a plant, said method comprising:

(i) contacting the first location with one or more isolated modulator compounds under conditions effective to promote or inhibit nematode aggregation at the first location, or

(ii) contacting a second location with one or more isolated modulator compounds under conditions effective to promote or inhibit nematode aggregation at the first location, wherein the first location and the second location are spaced to permit said contacting at the second location to have an effect on nematode aggregation at the first location;

wherein the compound is selected from

or a salt thereof.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more isolated modulator compounds is selected from

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the second location is in the plant.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of dicots, monocots, crop plants, alfalfa, rice, wheat, barley, rye, cotton, sunflower, peanut, corn, potato, sweet potato, bean, green bean, wax bean, lima bean, pea, chicory, lettuce, endive, cabbage, brussel sprout, beet, sugar beet, parsnip, turnip, cauliflower, broccoli, turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper, celery, carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon, citrus, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco, tomato, sorghum, sugarcane, ornamental plants, Arabidopsis thaliana , Saintpaulia, petunia, pelargonium , poinsettia, chrysanthemum , carnation, and zinnia.

9. The method of claim 5 , further comprising contacting the second location with a toxin that is harmful to the nematode.

10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first location is at a population of insects.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the insects are selected from the the group consisting of European corn borer, beet armyworm, cabbage looper, corn ear worm, fall armyworm, diamondback moth, cabbage root maggot, onion maggot, seed corn maggot, pickleworm, pepper maggot, and tomato pinworm.

12. A method of reducing the likelihood or preventing parasite infection of a plant, said method comprising:

providing a composition comprising a compound selected from

or a salt thereof; and

administering an amount of the composition to the plant sufficient to reduce the likelihood or prevent parasite infection of the plant.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the parasite is a nematode or an insect.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the composition comprises one or more compounds selected from

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the parasite is an insect.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the insect is selected from the group consisting of European corn borer, beet armyworm, cabbage looper, corn ear worm, fall armyworm, diamondback moth, cabbage root maggot, onion maggot, seed corn maggot, pickleworm, pepper maggot, and tomato pinworm.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the parasite is selected from the group consisting of Acuarioidea, Aelurostrongylus, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Amidostomatidae, Amidostomum, Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm), Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostomatidae, Ancylostomatinae, Angiostrongylidae, Angiostrongylus, Aproctoidea, Ascaridia galli, Ascaris lumbricoidies, Ascaris suum, Brevistriatinae, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostominae, Camallanoidea, Carolinensis minutus, Chabertia, Chabertia ovina, Chabertiidae, Cloacina, Cloacinidae, Cooperia, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Cooperiidae, Cosmocercoidea, Crenosoma, Crenosomatidae, Cyathostoma, Cyathostominae, Cyclodontostomum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cystocaulus, Cystocaulus ocreatus, Deletrocephalidae, Deletrocephalus, Diaphanocephalidae, Diaphanocephaloidea, Dictyocaulidae, Dictyocaulinae, Dictyocaulus arnfeldi, Dictyocaulus filaria, Dictyocaulus osleri, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Dictyocausus viviparous, Didelphostrongylus, Dioctophyma renale, Dioctophymatoidea, Diplotriaenoidea, Dirofilaria immitis, Dracunculoidea, Dromaeostrongylidae, Elaeophora scheideri, Elaphostrongylinae, Filarinema, Filarioidea, Filaroides, Filaroididae, Gapeworm, Ghathostomatoidea, Globocephaloidinae, Gongylonema pulchrum, Gyalocephalinae, Habronema, Habronematoidea, Haemonchidae, Haemonchinae, Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Halocercus, Heligmonellidae, Heligmonellinae, Heligmonoides speciosus, Heligmosomatidae, Heligmosomidae, Heligmosomoidea, Heligmosomoides, Herpetostrongylidae, Herpetostrongylinae, Heterakoidea, Hovorkonema, Hypodontus, Kalicephalus, Labiomultiplex, Labiosimplex, Labiostrongylus, Libyostrongylinae, Loa boa, Longistriata, Mackerrastrongylidae, Macroponema, Macropostrongylus, Mansonella ozzardi, Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, Marshallagia, Metastrongylidae, Metastrongyloidea (lungworms), Metastrongyloidea sp. RJ-2010 , Metastrongylus, Metastrongylus apri, Metastrongylus asymmetricus, Metastrongylus confusus, Metastrongylus elongates, Metastrongylus pudendotectus, Metastrongylus salmi, Molineidae, Molineoidea, Monilonema, Muellerinae, Muellerius capillaris, Muspiceoidea, Nematodirinae, Nematodirus battus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nicollina, Nicollinidae, Nippostrongylinae, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Oesophagostomum, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Ohbayashinema, Oncocerca volvulus, Orientostrongylus ezoensis, Oslerus, Oslerus osleri, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia venulosum, Otostrongylus, Oxyurodiea, Papillostrongylus, Paraelaphostronyglus tenuis, Parafilaroides, Parazoniolaimus, Physalopteroidea, Potorostrongylus, Protostrongylidae, Protostrongylinae, Pseudaliidae, Pseudalius, Rictularioidea, Rugopharynx, Setaria cervi, Seuratoidea, Skrjabingylus, Spiruroidea, Stenurus, Stephanofilaria stilesi, Stephanuridae, Stephanurus, Strongylida, Strongylida sp. AM-2008 , Strongylidae, Strongylinae, Strongyloidea, Strongyloides papillosus, Subuluroidea, Syngamidae, Syngamus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Ternidens, Tetrabothriostrongylus, Thelazioidea, Torynurus, Toxocana canis, Toxocara cati, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinelloidea, Trichostronglyus axei, Trichostronglyus colubriformis, Trichostronglyus vitrinus, Trichostrongylidae, Trichostrongylinae, Trichostrongyloidea, Trichuris suis, Troglostrongylus, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis , Unclassified Metastrongyloidea , unclassified Protostrongylidae , unclassified Strongylida , unclassified Trichostrongylidae, Varestrongylinae, Wucheria bancrofti , and Zoniolaimus.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nematode is selected from Acuarioidea, Aelurostrongylus, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Amidostomatidae, Amidostomum, Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm), Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostomatidae, Ancylostomatinae, Angiostrongylidae, Angiostrongylus, Aproctoidea, Ascaridia galli, Ascaris lumbricoidies, Ascaris suum, Brevistriatinae, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostominae, Camallanoidea, Carolinensis minutus, Chabertia, Chabertia ovina, Chabertiidae, Cloacina, Cloacinidae, Cooperia, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Cooperiidae, Cosmocercoidea, Crenosoma, Crenosomatidae, Cyathostoma, Cyathostominae, Cyclodontostomum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cystocaulus, Cystocaulus ocreatus, Deletrocephalidae, Deletrocephalus, Diaphanocephalidae, Diaphanocephaloidea, Dictyocaulidae, Dictyocaulinae, Dictyocaulus arnfeldi, Dictyocaulus filaria, Dictyocaulus osleri, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Dictyocaulus viviparous, Didelphostrongylus, Dioctophyma renale, Dioctophymatoidea, Diplotriaenoidea, Dirofilaria immitis, Dracunculoidea, Dromaeostrongylidae, Elaeophora scheideri, Elaphostrongylinae, Filarinema, Filarioidea, Filaroides, Filaroididae, Gapeworm, Ghathostomatoidea, Globocephaloidinae, Gongylonema pulchrum, Gyalocephalinae, Habronema, Habronematoidea, Haemonchidae, Haemonchinae, Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Halocercus, Heligmonellidae, Heligmonellinae, Heligmonoides speciosus, Heligmosomatidae, Heligmosomidae, Heligmosomoidea, Heligmosomoides, Herpetostrongylidae, Herpetostrongylinae, Heterakoidea, Hovorkonema, Hypodontus, Kalicephalus, Labiomultiplex, Labiosimplex, Labiostrongylus, Libyostrongylinae, Loa loa, Longistriata, Mackerrastrongylidae, Macroponema, Macropostrongylus, Mansonella ozzardi, Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, Marshallagia, Metastrongylidae, Metastrongyloidea (lungworms), Metastrongyloidea sp. RJ-2010 , Metastrongylus, Metastrongylus apri, Metastrongylus asymmetricus, Metastrongylus confusus, Metastrongylus elongates, Metastrongylus pudendotectus, Metastrongylus salmi, Molineidae, Molineoidea, Monilonema, Muellerinae, Muellerius capillaris, Muspiceoidea, Nematodirinae, Nematodirus battus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nicollina, Nicollinidae, Nippostrongylinae, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Oesophagostomum, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Ohbayashinema, Oncocerca volvulus, Orientostrongylus ezoensis, Oslerus, Oslerus osleri, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia venulosum, Otostrongylus, Oxyurodiea, Papillostrongylus, Paraelaphostronyglus tenuis, Parafilaroides, Parazoniolaimus, Physalopteroidea, Potorostrongylus, Protostrongylidae, Protostrongylinae, Pseudaliidae, Pseudalius, Rictularioidea, Rugopharynx, Setaria cervi, Seuratoidea, Skrjabingylus, Spiruroidea, Stenurus, Stephanofilaria stilesi, Stephanuridae, Stephanurus, Strongylida, Strongylida sp. AM-2008 , Strongylidae, Strongylinae, Strongyloidea, Strongyloides papillosus, Subuluroidea, Syngamidae, Syngamus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Ternidens, Tetrabothriostrongylus, Thelazioidea, Torynurus, Toxocana canis, Toxocara cati, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinelloidea, Trichostronglyus axei, Trichostronglyus colubriformis, Trichostronglyus vitrinus, Trichostrongylidae, Trichostrongylinae, Trichostrongyloidea, Trichuris suis, Troglostrongylus, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis , Unclassified Metastrongyloidea , unclassified Protostrongylidae , unclassified Strongylida , unclassified Trichostrongylidae, Varestrongylinae, Wucheria bancrofti , and Zoniolaimus.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nematode behavior is selected from reproduction, development, dauer formation, aggregation, attraction, repulsion, dispersal, deterrence, feeding, host finding, and host invasion.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant is selected from dicots, monocots, crop plants, alfalfa, rice, wheat, barley, rye, cotton, sunflower, peanut, corn, potato, sweet potato, bean, green bean, wax bean, lima bean, pea, chicory, lettuce, endive, cabbage, brussel sprout, beet, sugar beet, parsnip, turnip, cauliflower, broccoli, turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper, celery, carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon, citrus, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco, tomato, sorghum, sugarcane, ornamental plants, Arabidopsis thaliana , Saintpaulia, petunia, pelargonium , poinsettia, chrysanthemum , carnation, and zinnia.