Kappa opioid receptor effectors and uses thereof

1. A compound of Formula I or Formula II:

wherein

X, Y and Z are independently selected from H, H; O; S or NH;

R 1 is H, a halogen group or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl or alkoxy group, wherein the substituents on the lower alkyl or alkoxy group are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, nitroso, carboxyl, sulhydryl, oxo, —CF 3 , and —CN;

R 2 is a substituent on one or more ring atoms and is for each ring atom independently H, a halogen group, or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl or alkoxy group, wherein the substituents on the lower alkyl and alkoxy are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, nitroso, carboxyl, sulhydryl, oxo, —CF 3 , and —CN;

X′ is hydrogen or Br;

one Z′ is N and the other Z′ is C, CH or N;

n is 0 or 1;

R 3 is naphthyl; cycloalkyl; —C≡CH; —C═CH 2 ; phenyl with two or more substituents independently selected from the group of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkenyl, hydroxyl, amino, iodo, nitro, nitroso, carboxyl, sulhydryl, —CF 3 , and —CN; or phenyl substituted with a trifluoromethyl group and a halogen or alkyl group; and

R 4 is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or cycloalkyl, wherein the heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring with at least one heteroatom selected from the group of N, O or S; and substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl comprises one or more substituents selected from the group of halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, nitroso, carboxyl, sulhydryl, —CF 3 , and —CN.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is 2-furyl, 2-thiophene or 3-pyridyl.