Metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway
The present disclosure relates to engineered microorganisms that produce amino acids and amino acid intermediates. In particular, the disclosure relates to recombinant nucleic acids encoding operons that increase production of aromatic amino acids and the aromatic amino acid intermediate shikimate; microorganisms with increased production of aromatic amino acids and the aromatic amino acid intermediate shikimate; and methods related to the production of aromatic amino acids, the aromatic amino acid intermediate shikimate, and commodity chemicals derived therefrom.
1. A host cell comprising a recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the recombinant polynucleotide comprises an operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of shikimate from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate, wherein the operon encodes an AroE enzyme or a YdiB enzyme, an AroD enzyme, an AroB enzyme, an AroG enzyme, a PpsA enzyme, and a TktA enzyme, and wherein the host cell produces shikimate in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the recombinant polynucleotide.
2. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the genes encoding an AroE enzyme or a YdiB enzyme, an AroD enzyme, an AroB enzyme, an AroG enzyme, a PpsA enzyme, and a TktA enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the shikimate biosynthesis mechanism.
3. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell further produces dehydroshikimate, dehydroquinate, and quinate in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the recombinant polynucleotide.
4. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the AroG enzyme comprises an Asp to Asn point mutation located at position 146 of the polypeptide sequence of the AroG enzyme.
5. The host cell of any one of claim 1 , wherein the operon is operably linked to a first regulatory sequence, and wherein the operon comprises a second regulatory sequence located 5′ of the gene encoding the AroG enzyme.
6. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell further comprises a second recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the second recombinant polynucleotide comprises a second operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of-an aromatic amino acid tyrosine from shikimate, wherein the second operon encodes a TyrB enzyme, a TyrA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme, and wherein the host cell produces tyrosine in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the second recombinant polynucleotide.
7. The host cell of claim 6 , wherein the genes encoding a TyrB enzyme, a TyrA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the tyrosine biosynthesis mechanism.
8. The host cell of claim 6 , wherein the TyrA enzyme comprises at least one point mutation, and wherein the at least one point mutation is a Met to Ile point mutation at position 53 of the polypeptide sequence of the TyrA enzyme, or an Ala to Val point mutation at position 354 of the polypeptide sequence of the TyrA enzyme.
9. The host cell of claim 6 , wherein the second operon is operably linked to a first regulatory sequence, and wherein the second operon further comprises a second regulatory sequence located after the gene encoding the AroC enzyme.
10. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell further comprises a second recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the second recombinant polynucleotide comprises a second operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of tryptophan from shikimate, wherein the second operon encodes a TrpB or TrpA enzyme, a TrpC enzyme, a TrpD enzyme, a TrpE enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme, and wherein the host cell produces tryptophan in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the second recombinant polynucleotide.
11. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the genes encoding a TrpB or TrpA enzyme, a TrpC enzyme, a TrpD enzyme, a TrpE enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the tryptophan biosynthesis mechanism.
12. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell further comprises a second recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the second recombinant polynucleotide comprises a second operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of phenylalanine from shikimate, wherein the second operon encodes a TyrB enzyme, a PheA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme, and wherein the host cell produces phenylalanine in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the second recombinant polynucleotide.
13. The host cell of claim 12 , wherein the genes encoding a TyrB enzyme, a PheA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the phenylalanine biosynthesis mechanism.
14. The host cell of any one of claim 1 , wherein the host cell further comprises proteins necessary to produce a commodity chemical.
15. The host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell is E. coli.
16. A method of increasing production of a tyrosine intermediate in a host cell, the method comprising:
a) providing the host cell of claim 1 : and
b) culturing the host cell of claim 1 in a medium such that the recombinant polynucleotide is expressed, wherein expression of the recombinant polynucleotide results in increased production of a tyrosine intermediate compared to a corresponding cell lacking the recombinant polynucleotide.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the tyrosine intermediate is shikimate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the host cell produces from about 80 mg/L to about 760 mg/L of shikimate.
19. A host cell comprising:
a first recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the first recombinant polynucleotide comprises a first operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of shikimate from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate, wherein the first operon encodes an AroE enzyme, an AroD enzyme, an AroB enzyme, an AroG enzyme, a PpsA enzyme, and a TktA enzyme: and
a second recombinant polynucleotide, wherein the second recombinant polynucleotide comprises a second operon encoding the enzymes necessary for the production of tyrosine from shikimate, wherein the second operon encodes a TyrB enzyme, a TyrA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme
wherein the host cell produces shikimate in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the first recombinant polynucleotide, and wherein the host cell produces the aromatic amino acid tyrosine in an amount greater than that of a corresponding cell lacking the second recombinant polynucleotide.
20. The host cell of claim 19 , wherein the genes encoding an AroE enzyme, an AroD enzyme, an AroB enzyme, an AroG enzyme, a PpsA enzyme, and a TktA enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the shikimate biosynthesis mechanism, and wherein the genes encoding a TyrB enzyme, a TyrA enzyme, an AroC enzyme, an AroA enzyme, and an AroL or AroK enzyme are arranged in an order that is opposite to that of the tyrosine biosynthesis mechanism.
21. The host cell of claim 19 , wherein the AroG enzyme comprises an Asp to Asn point mutation located at position 146 of the polypeptide sequence of the AroG enzyme.
22. The host cell of any of claim 19 , wherein the first operon is operably linked to a first regulatory sequence, and wherein the first operon comprises a second regulatory sequence located 5′ of the gene encoding the AroG enzyme.
23. The host cell of claim 19 , wherein the TyrA enzyme comprises at least one point mutation, and wherein the at least one point mutation is a Met to Ile point mutation at position 53 of the polypeptide sequence of the TyrA enzyme, or an Ala to Val point mutation at position 354 of the polypeptide sequence of the TyrA enzyme.
24. The host cell of claim 19 , wherein the second operon is operably linked to a first regulatory sequence, and wherein the second operon comprises a second regulatory sequence located after the gene encoding the AroC enzyme.
25. A method of increasing production of tyrosine in a host cell, the method comprising:
a) providing the host cell of claim 19 : and
b) culturing the host cell of claim 19 in a medium such that the first and second recombinant polynucleotides are expressed, wherein expression of the first and second recombinant polynucleotides results in increased production of an aromatic amino acid tyrosine compared to a corresponding cell lacking the first and second recombinant polynucleotides.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the host cell produces a tyrosine yield that is from about 5% to about 220% greater than an amount of tyrosine produced by the corresponding cell lacking the first and second recombinant polynucleotides.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the tyrosine is produced at a percentage yield that is from about 27% to about 95% of the theoretical maximal yield.