Bio-based binders for insulation and non-woven mats
An aqueous binder composition is provided that includes a carbohydrate and a crosslinking agent. In exemplary embodiments, the carbohydrate-based binder composition may also include a catalyst, a coupling agent, a process aid, a crosslinking density enhancer, an extender, a moisture resistant agent, a dedusting oil, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, and combinations thereof. The carbohydrate may be natural in origin and derived from renewable resources. Additionally, the carbohydrate polymer may have a dextrose equivalent (DE) number from 2 to 20. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carbohydrate is a water-soluble polysaccharide such as dextrin or maltodextrin and the crosslinking agent is citric acid. Advantageously, the carbohydrates have a low viscosity and cure at moderate temperatures. The environmentally friendly, formaldehyde-free binder may be used in the formation of insulation materials and non-woven chopped strand mats. A method of making fibrous insulation products is also provided.
1. An aqueous binder composition for use in the formation of fiberglass insulation and non-woven mats comprising:
maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent number from 9 to 14, said maltodextrin comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of total solids of said binder composition; and
at least one crosslinking agent selected from monomeric polycarboxylic acid, citric acid, or their corresponding salts, said at least one crosslinking agent comprising from about 5% to about 40% of total solids of said binder composition, said at least one crosslinking agent having a molecular weight from about 90 to about 10,000.
2. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said maltodextrin has a molecular weight from about 1,000 to about 8,000.
3. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said crosslinking agent is citric acid or salt thereof.
4. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said at least one crosslinking agent has a molecular weight of from about 190 to about 4,000.
5. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said binder composition further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a coupling agent, a process aid agent, an extender, a pH adjuster, a catalyst, a crosslinking density enhancer, a deodorant, an antioxidant, a dust suppressing agent, a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, a moisture resistant agent and combinations thereof.
6. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said binder composition further comprises a process aid agent selected from the group consisting of glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, poly(ethylene glycol), and mixtures thereof.
7. A fibrous insulation product comprising:
a plurality of randomly oriented fibers; and
a binder composition applied to at least a portion of said fibers, said binder composition comprising the reaction product of:
maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent number from 9 to 14, said maltodextrin comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of total solids of said binder composition; and
at least one crosslinking agent selected from monomeric polycarboxylic acid, citric acid, or their corresponding salts, said at least one crosslinking agent comprising from about 5% to about 40% by weight of total solids of said binder composition, said at least one crosslinking agent having a molecular weight from about 90 to about 10,000.
8. The fibrous insulation product of claim 7 , wherein said binder composition in a cured state comprises at least one polyester.
9. The fibrous insulation product of claim 7 , wherein said insulation product is formaldehyde-free.
10. A non-woven mat comprising:
a plurality of randomly oriented glass fibers in the form of a mat having a first major surface and a second major surface; and
a binder composition at least partially coating said first major surface of said mat, said binder composition comprising the reaction product of:
maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent number from 9 to 14, said maltodextrin comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of total solids of said binder composition; and
at least one crosslinking agent selected from monomeric polycarboxylic acid, citric acid, or their corresponding salts, said at least one crosslinking agent comprising from about 5% to about 40% by weight of total solids of said binder composition, said at least one crosslinking agent having a molecular weight from about 90 to about 10,000.
11. The non-woven mat of claim 10 , wherein said binder composition in a cured state comprises at least one polyester.
12. An insulation product formed by the process comprising:
forming a plurality of randomly oriented glass fibers;
applying a binder composition to said glass fibers to form a fibrous insulation blanket, said binder composition comprising:
maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent number from 9 to 14, said maltodextrin comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of total solids of said binder composition; and
at least one crosslinking agent selected from monomeric polycarboxylic acid, citric acid, or their corresponding salts, said at least one crosslinking agent comprising from about 5% to about 40% by weight of total solids of said binder composition, said at least one crosslinking agent having a molecular weight from about 90 to about 10,000; and
curing said binder of said fibrous insulation blanket to form an insulation product,
wherein said cured binder in said fibrous insulation product comprises at least one polyester.
13. The insulation product of claim 12 , wherein said curing step comprises: passing said insulation blanket through an oven.
14. The binder composition of claim 5 , wherein said catalyst comprises a sodium hypophosphite catalyst.
15. The binder composition of claim 5 , wherein said process aid agent comprises one or more of a nonionic surfactant and vegetable oils.
16. The binder composition of claim 5 , wherein said coupling agent comprises a silane coupling agent.
17. The binder composition of claim 5 , wherein said binder comprises an amount of biocide up to about 10% by weight.
18. The binder composition of claim 1 , wherein said binder composition further comprises a dye additive.
19. A binder composition for use in the formation of fiberglass insulation and non-woven mats comprising:
maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent number from 9 to 14, said maltodextrin comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight of total solids of said binder composition;
citric acid, said citric acid comprising from about 5% to about 40% of total solids of said binder composition; and
one or more of a catalyst, a surfactant, a process aid agent, and a coupling agent.