Systems and methods for treating hollow anatomical structures
An apparatus for treating a hollow anatomical structure can include a light delivery device. The light delivery device comprises an optical fiber that is located in a lumen of a shaft suitable for insertion into the hollow anatomical structure and has a fiber tip located proximal of a distal end of the shaft during treatment of the hollow anatomical structure. The apparatus can further include a liquid source for providing a liquid flow over the optical fiber at a predetermined liquid flow rate.
1. A method of treating a hollow anatomical structure, the method comprising:
inserting a sheath with a distal end into the hollow anatomical structure;
inserting an optical fiber into the sheath;
positioning a tip of the optical fiber at a firing position anywhere from 2-20 mm proximal of the distal end via a position limiter configured to limit distal movement of the tip of the optical fiber relative to the distal end of the sheath such that the tip of the optical fiber cannot extend distally farther than the firing position, wherein the position limiter comprises a tube at least partially surrounding the optical fiber;
emitting light energy from the tip of the optical fiber while the tip is disposed in the sheath proximal of the distal end; and
withdrawing the sheath and optical fiber along the hollow anatomical structure while emitting the light energy.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising maintaining the position of the fiber tip in the firing position during the emitting and the withdrawing.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the emitting comprises emitting light energy through a sidewall of the sheath.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the emitting comprises emitting light energy through a distal portion of a sidewall of the sheath that is more transmissive of light energy than is a proximal portion of the sidewall.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising establishing a liquid flow proceeding distally through the sheath and past the tip of the optical fiber.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the establishing further comprises providing a predetermined liquid flow rate.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the predetermined flow rate is fixed.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the predetermined liquid flow rate is provided at 5-60 cc/hour.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the emitting comprises emitting light energy distally from the tip of the optical fiber.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the emitting light energy distally comprises emitting light energy through a distal-facing opening formed in the distal end of the sheath.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the emitting comprises emitting light energy into a wall of the hollow anatomical structure.