Solid ion conductor, solid electrolyte including the same, lithium battery including the solid electrolyte, and method of manufacturing the solid ion conductor
A solid ion conductor including a garnet oxide represented by Formula 1: L 5+x+2y (D y ,E 3-y )(Me z ,M 2-z )O d Formula 1 wherein L is at least one of a monovalent cation or a divalent cation, D is a monovalent cation, E is a trivalent cation, Me and M are each independently a trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or a hexavalent cation, 0<x+2y≦3, 0≦y≦0.5, 0≦z<2, and 0<d≦12, wherein O is partially or totally substituted with at least one of a pentavalent anion, a hexavalent anion, or a heptavalent anion; and B 2 O 3 .
1. A solid ion conductor comprising:
a garnet oxide represented by Formula 1:
L 5+x+2y (D y , E 3-y )(Me z , M 2-z )O d Formula 1
wherein
L is at least one of a monovalent cation or a divalent cation,
D is a monovalent cation,
E is a trivalent cation,
Me and M are each independently a trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, or a hexavalent cation,
0<x+2y≦3, 0≦y≦0.5, 0≦z<2, and 0<d≦12,
wherein O is partially or totally substituted with at least one of a pentavalent anion, a hexavalent anion, or a heptavalent anion; and
B 2 O 3 .
2. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein an amount of B 2 O 3 is in a range of about 0.5 mole percent to about 10 mole percent, based on a total moles of the garnet oxide.
3. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein an ionic conductivity of the solid ion conductor is 2.0×10 −4 Siemens per centimeter or more at a temperature of 25° C.
4. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein an overall resistance of the solid ion conductor is in a range of about 0 kiloOhms to about 200 kiloOhms.
5. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein the B 2 O 3 is present at a grain boundary of the garnet oxide.
6. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein M of Formula 1 is Zr, Ta, Bi, Sb, or Nb.
7. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein E of Formula 1 is La, and M of Formula 1 is Zr.
8. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein D of Formula 1 is K, Rb, or Cs.
9. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein Me of Formula 1 is at least one selected of Ta, Nb, Y, Sc, W, Mo, Sb, Bi, Hf, V, Ge, Si, Al, Ga, Ti, Co, In, Zn, or Cr.
10. The solid ion conductor of claim 1 , wherein L of Formula 1 is at least one of Li, Na, Mg, Ca, K, or H.
11. A solid electrolyte comprising the solid ion conductor of claim 1 .
12. An all-solid-state lithium battery comprising the solid electrolyte of claim 11 .
13. A lithium battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a positive active material;
a negative electrode comprising a negative active material; and
an organic electrolytic solution,
wherein at least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the organic electrolytic solution comprises the solid ion conductor according to claim 1 .
14. The lithium battery of claim 13 , wherein the solid ion conductor is disposed on a surface of at least one of the positive active material and the negative active material.
15. A lithium air battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
a separator,
wherein an ion conductive membrane comprises the solid ion conductor of claim 1 and is disposed on a surface of at least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator.
16. A method of manufacturing the solid ion conductor of claim 1 , the method comprising:
contacting precursors of a garnet oxide to form a precursor mixture;
calcining the precursor mixture to form a calcined mixture;
combining the calcined mixture and B 2 O 3 ; and
sintering the mixture of the calcined mixture and the B 2 O 3 to manufacture the solid ion conductor.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the sintering is performed at a temperature in a range of about 800° C. to about 1250° C. for about 2 hours to about 40 hours.