Method and device for generating electricity and method of fabrication thereof
Particulated structures and their method of manufacture for use in an electrical generator employing gas-mediated charge transfer are disclosed. The structures comprise a multiplicity of particles which contain voids between first and second opposing surfaces of said particles. At least a portion of said opposing surfaces are modified such that the charge transferability of said first opposing surfaces differs from the charge transferability of said second opposing surfaces.
1. A particulated structure for use in an electrical generator device utilizing a compatible gas to mediate charge transfer between particles for converting thermal energy to electricity, the particulated structure comprising:
a multiplicity of particles in dried state and inter-particle voids, said inter-particle voids being between first and second opposing surfaces of at least some of said particles;
wherein, in conjunction with said gas, the charge transferability of at least a portion of said first opposing surfaces is different from the charge transferability of at least a portion of said second opposing surfaces, such that, in the absence of externally applied voltage, the respective first active surfaces transfer an electric charge to gas molecules interacting therewith and the respective second active surfaces receive an electric charge from gas molecules interacting therewith, resulting in a charge transfer between opposing particles and a net charge transfer from one side of said particulated structure to an opposite side thereof; and
wherein for at least a portion of said particle surfaces, a concentration or type of molecules, atoms or ions is different on said first opposing surface than on said second opposing surface.
2. An electrical generator device for converting thermal energy to electricity, the device comprising:
the particulated structure according to claim 1 ; and
a gas medium having gas molecules in at least a portion of said voids.
3. A method of powering an electrically activated system, comprising connecting the electrically activated system to the device according to claim 2 .
4. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , wherein for each particle of a portion of said particles, the charge transferability is generally the same for all surfaces of said particle.
5. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , wherein the first opposing surface and the second opposing surface have substantially identical chemical composition.
6. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , further comprising a first electrode and a second electrode disposed such that said particulated structure is between said electrodes, wherein said first electrode and said second electrode have operative surfaces of the same material.
7. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , further comprising a first electrode and a second electrode disposed such that said particulated structure is between said electrodes, wherein said first electrode and said second electrode have operative surfaces of materials characterized by different work functions.
8. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , wherein said particles form a self-supporting structure.
9. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , wherein said particles are in a powder form and are contained in a supporting structure.
10. The particulated structure according to claim 1 , wherein the charge transferability of said first opposing surfaces is positive and the charge transferability of said second opposing surfaces is negative.