Hydraulic fracturing system and method
A hydraulic fracturing system and method for enhancing effective permeability of earth formations to increase hydrocarbon production, enhance operation efficiency by reducing fluid entry friction due to tortuosity and perforation, and to open perforations that are either unopened or not effective using traditional techniques, by varying a pump rate and/or a flow rate to a wellbore.
1. A method of hydraulic fracturing stimulation comprising:
pumping a fracturing fluid with a fracturing pump;
injecting the fracturing fluid under pressure into a wellhead at an initial flow rate to open perforations, create a fracture and open natural fractures;
changing the initial flow rate of the fracturing pump to a primary flow rate lower than the initial flow rate to introduce a change of flow rate into the wellhead for a period of time between one second and one minute,
changing the primary flow rate to a secondary flow rate to initiate additional fractures, extend existing fractures, open additional perforations and further extend natural fractures.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the change of flow rate is introduced by diverting a portion of the fracturing fluid away from the wellhead to provide a reduced flow rate to the wellhead for a pulse period of time.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the primary flow rate is at least 25% lower than the initial flow rate.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a system for conducting the method comprises a plurality of flow lines from a fracturing pump to a wellhead of the wellbore and wherein at least one of the plurality of flow lines includes a valve to redirect the portion of the fracturing fluid away from the wellhead to one of a pit and a second wellhead.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the change of flow rate comprises changing the initial flow rate to an intermediate pump rate prior to the primary pump rate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary flow rate is equal to the initial flow rate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary flow rate is less than initial flow rate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary flow rate is greater than the initial flow rate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of introducing the change of flow rate comprises a plurality of high flow rate changes.
10. A system for hydraulic fracturing stimulation comprising:
a high-pressure fracturing pump to pump a fracturing fluid;
a plurality of flow lines connecting the high-pressure fracturing pump and a wellhead extending into an earth formation to be fractured; and
a means of rapidly increasing or decreasing an initial flow rate of the fracturing pump to generate a change of flow rate, wherein the change of flow rate comprises changing the initial flow rate to the wellhead to a primary flow rate and then to a secondary flow rate;
wherein the plurality of flow lines comprises a constant-flow flow line and a variable-flow flow line which includes a valve, wherein the constant-flow line supplies a first percentage of a flow rate supplied by the high-pressure fracturing pump to the wellhead and the variable-flow line supplies a second percentage of the flow rate supplied by the high-pressure fracturing pump that can be diverted via the valve, wherein the flow rate supplied by the constant-flow line does not change during the change of flow rate and the flow rate supplied by the variable-flow line changes during the change of flow rate.