Micromechanical digital loudspeaker
A digital loudspeaker and a method for operating a digital loudspeaker are disclosed. In an embodiment a digital loudspeaker includes a substrate, a first stator fixed with respect to the substrate, a second stator fixed with respect to the substrate and spaced at a distance from the first stator, and a membrane between the first stator and the second stator. The membrane is displaceable between a first position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator and a second position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the second stator. The first stator and the second stator are arranged to electrostatically move the membrane from a rest position spaced apart from the first position and the second position to the first position and the second position, respectively.
1. A digital loudspeaker comprising:
a substrate;
a first stator fixed with respect to the substrate;
a second stator fixed with respect to the substrate and spaced at a distance from the first stator; and
a membrane between the first stator and the second stator, the membrane comprising a displaceable portion being displaceable between a first operation position in which the displaceable portion of the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator, and a second operation position in which the displaceable portion of the membrane mechanically contacts the second stator,
wherein the first stator and the second stator are arranged to electrostatically move the displaceable portion of the membrane from a rest position spaced apart from the first operation position and the second operation position to the first operation position and the second operation position, respectively,
wherein the membrane comprises a corrugation groove configured to facilitate a deflection of the membrane to the first operation position and the second operation position, the corrugation groove comprising a first edge and a second edge, and wherein the first edge and the second edge are arranged at a deflectable portion of the membrane,
wherein the corrugation groove continuously encloses an area of the membrane.
2. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein
the first edge and the second edge of the corrugation groove, in the deflectable portion of the membrane, are arranged out of plane with respect to a main surface of the membrane,
the membrane is clamped above and below at an outer edge by a support structure, and
the deflectable portion of the membrane is the portion of the membrane inside the outer edge, released from and not overlying the support structure.
3. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugation groove comprises a width and a depth, the width and the depth being between 1 times and 5 times a membrane thickness.
4. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugation groove comprises a u-shaped cross-section.
5. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugation groove comprises a cross-section comprising one of a square shape, a triangular shape, a circular shape, a semi-circular shape and an oval shape.
6. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the first edge and the second edge of the corrugation groove form a preferred region of flexion of the membrane.
7. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugation groove extends from a surface of the membrane into a free volume between the membrane and the first stator or between the second stator and the membrane, when the membrane is in the rest position.
8. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , wherein the corrugation groove is a part of the deflectable portion of the membrane and spaced apart from a support structure to which the membrane is connected.
9. The digital loudspeaker according to claim 1 , further comprising a cavity in the substrate, wherein the complete corrugation groove is moveably arranged above the cavity, and wherein the second stator is arranged between the membrane and the cavity.
10. A method for operating a digital loudspeaker, the method comprising:
applying a first electrical potential to a first stator of the digital loudspeaker;
applying a second electrical potential to a second stator of the digital loudspeaker; and
applying a third electrical potential to a membrane of the digital loudspeaker,
wherein the membrane comprises a corrugation groove configured to facilitate a deflection of the membrane to a first operation position and a second operation position, the corrugation groove comprising a first edge and a second edge, wherein the first edge and the second edge are arranged at a deflectable portion of the membrane, the corrugation groove continuously enclosing an area of the membrane, and
wherein a difference between the first electrical potential, the second electrical potential, and the third electrical potential causes the membrane to be attracted to the first stator or the second stator until it reaches a first operation position or a second operation position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator or the second stator, respectively.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein a mechanical contact between the membrane and the first stator or the second stator while being in the first operation position or the second operation position, respectively, defines a circumscribing area being between 30% and 90% of a total area of the membrane, the circumscribing area comprising a contact area between the membrane and the first stator being spanned by a perimeter line extending along and connecting outermost contact spots between the membrane and the first stator or comprising a contact area between the membrane and the second stator being spanned by a perimeter line extending along and connecting the outermost contact spots between the membrane and the second stator, respectively.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the contact area comprises at least one anti-stiction bump.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the first electrical potential, the second electrical potential and the third electrical potential is applied such that a mechanical contact between the membrane and the first stator or the second stator, while being in the first operation position or the second operation position, respectively, occurs between a first spot of the membrane and a first spot of the first stator or the second stator and between a second spot of the membrane and a second spot of the first stator, the second stator respectively, wherein the first spot and the second spot of the membrane are arranged on a connection line.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the first electrical potential, the second electrical potential, and the third electrical potential varies over time with a frequency that substantially corresponds to a mechanical resonance frequency of the membrane.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the mechanical resonance frequency is greater than an audible frequency range of a human.
16. The method according to claim 10 , wherein a mechanical contact between the membrane and the first stator or the second stator while being in the first operation position or the second operation position, respectively, occurs between at least one elevation protruding from a membrane surface in a direction of at least one of the first stator and the second stator.
17. A digital loudspeaker comprising:
a substrate;
a first stator fixed with respect to the substrate;
a second stator fixed with respect to the substrate and spaced at a distance from the first stator; and
a membrane between the first stator and the second stator and displaceable between a first operation position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator and a second operation position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the second stator, wherein the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator in the first operation position and the second stator in the second operation position at a plurality of contact spots,
wherein the first stator and the second stator are arranged to electrostatically move the membrane from a rest position spaced apart from the first operation position and the second operation position to the first operation position and the second operation position, respectively,
wherein a mechanical contact between the membrane and the first stator, while in the first operation position, or the membrane and the second stator, while in the second operation position, defines a circumscribing area that is between 30% and 90% of a total area of the membrane, the circumscribing area comprising a contact area between the membrane and the first stator being spanned by a perimeter line extending along and connecting outermost contact spots of the plurality of contact spots between the membrane and the first stator or comprising a contact area between the membrane and the second stator being spanned by a perimeter line extending along and connecting the outermost contact spots of the plurality of contact spots between the membrane and the second stator, and
wherein the plurality of contact spots comprise at least one anti-stiction bump.
18. A method for operating a digital loudspeaker, the method comprising:
applying a first electrical potential to a first stator;
applying a second electrical potential to a second stator; and
applying a third electrical potential to a membrane,
wherein a difference between the first electrical potential, the second electrical potential, and the third electrical potential causes the membrane to be attracted to the first stator or the second stator until it reaches a first operation position or a second operation position in which the membrane mechanically contacts the first stator or the second stator, respectively,
wherein a mechanical contact between the membrane and the first stator or the second stator while being in the first operation position or the second operation position, respectively, occurs between at least one elevation protruding from a membrane surface in a direction of at least one of the first stator and the second stator.