Method for imaging a site of arthritis in an animal
The present disclosure demonstrates that a nanovesicle comprising a membrane-associated lysosomal protein (saposin C; “SapC”) incorporated into a phospholipid has a high fusogenic affinity for phosphatidylserine-rich domains on the surfaces of target cell membranes. It is believed that the nanovesicles target surface exposed phosphatidylserine on the membranes of cells associated with arthritis, allowing for detection of local tissue damage associated with arthritis. In plasma membranes, phosphatidylserine is normally present only on the inner leaflet but is “flipped” to the outer leaflet upon the presence of cell damage. Incorporation of the fluorophore in the nanovesicles allows for the in vivo visualization of the fluorophore in targeted tissue and provides a technique to detect and evaluate the onset and progression of arthritic disease in an animal. Furthermore, the use of the nanovesicle in optical imaging methods provides great promise for analyzing events occurring early in the pathogenesis of arthritis and arthritic disease.
1. A method for imaging a site of arthritis in an animal, the method comprising:
administering to the animal a nanovesicle comprising saposin C, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS), and a fluorophore selected from the group consisting of a far-red fluorophore and a near-infrared fluorophore; and
optically imaging the site of arthritis in the animal,
wherein the site of arthritis is detected by imaging a population of cells expressing a cell surface marker selected from the group consisting of CD11b, CD19, GR-1, CD55, and F480 at the site of arthritis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein detection of early onset of arthritis is obtained from the imaging of the population of cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the animal is a human.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorophore is CellVue® Maroon (CVM).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are selected from the group consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, synovial fibroblasts, endothelial cells, mature granulocytes, and neutrophils.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are neutrophils.
9. A method for assessing disease progression of arthritis in an animal, the method comprising:
administering to the animal a nanovesicle comprising saposin C, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS), and a fluorophore selected from the group consisting of a far-red fluorophore and a near-infrared fluorophore; and
optically imaging a site of arthritis in the animal,
wherein the site of arthritis is detected by imaging a population of cells expressing a cell surface marker selected from the group consisting of CD11b, CD19, GR-1, CD55, and F480 at the site of arthritis, and
wherein the assessment of disease progression of arthritis is obtained from the imaging of the population of cells.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the assessment of disease progression of arthritis is used to determine arthritis treatment for the animal.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the assessment of disease progression of arthritis is used to monitor therapeutic response of arthritis treatment to the animal.
12. A method for assessing inflammation of a joint in an animal, the method comprising:
administering to the animal a nanovesicle comprising saposin C, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS), and a fluorophore selected from the group consisting of a far-red fluorophore and a near-infrared fluorophore; and
optically imaging a site of arthritis in the animal,
wherein the inflammation of the joint is detected by imaging a population of cells expressing a cell surface marker selected from the group consisting of CD11b, CD19, GR-1, CD55, and F480 at the joint, and
wherein the assessment of inflammation is obtained from the imaging of the population of cells.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the assessment of inflammation is used to determine arthritis treatment for the animal.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the assessment of inflammation is used to monitor therapeutic response of arthritis treatment to the animal.