Directional coupler and design method thereof, optical waveguide element and wavelength filter
There is provided a directional coupler including a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in separate and parallel to each other and that propagate one of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves of an m-th order and propagate the other of the TE polarized waves and the TM polarized waves of an n-th order. A separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core.
1. An optical waveguide element comprising:
a directional coupler comprising a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in parallel to each other and that propagate either TE polarized waves or TM polarized waves of an m-th order (m is an integer of 1 or more) and propagate the orthogonally polarized waves of an n-th order (n is an integer of 0 or more);
a first sub-waveguide core that includes a first converter; and
a second sub waveguide core that includes a second converter and that is connected to the first optical waveguide core;
wherein a separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves (p is an integer satisfying 0≦p≦m) and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves (q is an integer satisfying 0≦q≦n) match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core,
wherein a mode conversion area is provided in which the first converter and the second converter are arranged alongside each other, and
wherein one of the polarized waves of an i-th mode (i is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the p-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area, and the other polarized waves of a j-th mode (j is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the q-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area.
2. The directional coupler according to claim 1 , wherein
at least one of the p-th mode and the q-th mode is a higher-order mode.
3. A wavelength filter comprising:
a wavelength portion that includes two directional couplers, each directional coupler comprising a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in parallel to each other and that propagate either TE polarized waves or TM polarized waves of an m-th order (m is in integer of 1 or more) and propagate the orthogonally polarized waves of an n-th order (n is an integer of 0 or more);
a first sub-waveguide core that includes a first converter;
a second sub waveguide core that includes a second converter and that is connected to the first optical waveguide core;
a first arm core; and
a second arm core;
wherein, a separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves (p is an integer satisfying 0≦p≦m) and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves (q is an integer satisfying 0≦q≦n) match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core,
wherein a mode conversion area is provided in which the first converter and the second converter are arranged alongside each other,
wherein one of the polarized waves of an i-th mode (i is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the p-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area, and the other polarized waves of a j-th mode (j is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the q-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area,
the first arm core forms a connection between the first optical waveguide core provided in the one directional coupler and the first optical waveguide core provided in the other directional coupler,
the second arm core forms a connection between the second optical waveguide core provided in the one directional coupler and the second optical waveguide core provided in the other directional coupler, and
the first arm core and the second arm core have different optical path lengths.
4. An optical waveguide element comprising:
a directional coupler comprising a first optical waveguide core and a second optical waveguide core that are arranged in parallel to each other and that propagate either TE polarized waves or TM polarized waves of an m-th order (m is an integer of 1 or more) and propagate the orthogonally polarized waves of an n-th order (n is an integer of 0 or more);
a first sub-waveguide core that includes a first converter; and
a second sub waveguide core that includes a second converter and that is connected to the first optical waveguide core,
wherein a separation distance between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core and a width of the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core are set such that a mode coupling coefficient of a p-th mode of one of the polarized waves (p is an integer satisfying 0≦p≦m) and a mode coupling coefficient of a q-th mode of the other polarized waves (q is an integer satisfying 0≦q≦n) match between the first optical waveguide core and the second optical waveguide core,
at least one of the p-th mode and the q-th mode is a higher-order mode,
a mode conversion area is provided in which the first converter and the second converter are arranged alongside each other, and
one of the polarized waves of an i-th mode (i is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the p-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area, and the other polarized waves of a j-th mode (j is an integer of 0 or more) that are propagated through the first converter and the identically polarized waves of the q-th mode that are propagated through the second converter are coupled in the mode conversion area.