Electronically beam-steerable antenna device
An electronically beam-steerable antenna device comprises a dielectric lens having at least one flat surface, a high frequency dielectric board, a plurality of at least one primary antenna element with at least one transmission line formed on the high frequency dielectric board, and a switching network electrically connected to the said plurality of at least one primary antenna element and at least one transmission line and adapted to apply electric power to the at least one primary antenna element. The switching network is a semiconductor integrated circuit mounted in or on the high frequency dielectric board, and the high frequency dielectric board with the plurality of at least one antenna element and at least one transmission line formed thereon is adjacent to the flat surface of the dielectric lens. The electronically beam steerable antenna device according to the present invention allows for electronic beam steering in a continuous angle sector while increasing radiation efficiency. The antenna device according to the present invention may be used for providing high data rate point-to-point millimeter-wave communications in radio relay station applications.
1. An electronically beam-steerable antenna device comprising
a dielectric lens having at least one flat surface,
a high frequency dielectric board,
a plurality of at least one primary antenna element with at least one transmission line formed on the high frequency dielectric board, and
a switching network electrically connected to the said plurality of at least one primary antenna element and at least one transmission line and adapted to apply electric power to the at least one primary antenna element,
wherein the switching network is a semiconductor integrated circuit mounted in or on the high frequency dielectric board, and
the high frequency dielectric board with the plurality of at least one antenna element and at least one transmission line formed thereon is adjacent to the flat surface of the dielectric lens,
wherein the antenna device further comprises a transceiver formed on a semiconductor integrated circuit and electrically connected to the switching network, wherein the transceiver is mounted on the high frequency dielectric board, and
wherein the plurality of at least one antenna element is formed in between the high frequency dielectric board and the dielectric lens, wherein the transceiver, the switching network, and at least one transmission line are positioned on the side of dielectric board opposite to the dielectric lens.
2. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein the transceiver and the switching network are electrically connected to each other and to the plurality of primary antenna elements by means of wire bond connections.
3. The antenna device according to claim 2 , wherein the transceiver and the switching network are mounted into blind cavities formed in the high frequency dielectric board.
4. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein the transceiver and the switching network are electrically connected to each other and to the plurality of primary antenna elements by means of flip-chip connections.
5. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein the high frequency dielectric board is made of high temperature co-fired ceramics or low temperature co-fired ceramics.
6. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein the high frequency dielectric board comprises a printed circuit board.
7. The antenna device according to claim 1 , further comprising a transceiver formed by means of waveguide elements and electrically connected by means of a waveguide-to-microstrip transition to the switching network mounted on the high frequency dielectric board.
8. The antenna device according to claim 2 , wherein the switching network comprises at least one 1×N switch formed on a semiconductor integrated circuit, wherein N>2.
9. The antenna device according to claim 4 , wherein the switching network comprises at least one 1×N switch formed on a semiconductor integrated circuit, wherein N>2.
10. The antenna device according to claim 8 , wherein at least one 1×N switch is formed on a separate semiconductor integrated circuit.
11. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein said antenna device further comprises
another switching network, and
the plurality of primary antenna elements comprises two arrays of primary antenna elements,
the first array being adapted to transmit a signal having a first linear polarization,
the second array being adapted to receive a signal having a second linear polarization, orthogonal to the first linear polarization, and
each switching network being adapted to independently control one of the two arrays of primary antenna elements.
12. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein said antenna device additionally comprises
another switching network and
each primary antenna element is adapted to transmit a signal having a first linear polarization and to receive a signal having a second linear polarization, orthogonal to the first linear polarization,
each switching network being adapted to independently control the plurality of primary antenna elements while transmitting a signal having the first linear polarization and receiving a signal having the second linear polarization, respectively.
13. The antenna device according to claim 12 , wherein the primary antenna elements are at least one of microstrip dual polarization antenna elements, dipoles antenna elements and slot antenna elements.
14. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein a dielectric lens shape is selected from the group comprising hemiellipsoidal shape with a cylindrical extension, hemispherical shape with a cylindrical extension, hemiellipsoidal shape with a truncated cone extension, and a shape of an ellipsoid truncated with a plane extending perpendicularly to an axis of the ellipsoid in proximity to a focus of the ellipsoid.
15. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein the primary antenna elements are microstrip antenna elements.
16. The antenna device according to claim 1 , wherein said antenna device is adapted to provide high data rate point-to-point millimeter-wave communications and to adjust a beam in case of initial adjustment or slight orientation changes of the antenna device due to such external effects as wind, vibrations, compression and/or extension of portions of the supporting structure with the temperature changes etc.
17. A high data rate point-to-point millimeter-wave communications system comprising an antenna device according to claim 1 .
18. A method of high data rate point-to-point millimeter-wave communications, including the steps of:
providing an electronically beam-steerable antenna device comprising a plurality of primary antenna elements and transmission lines, according to claim 1 ;
applying electric power to the at least one primary antenna element of the antenna device to form a radiation pattern having a beam deviation in a specific direction;
switching the at least one primary antenna elements by the switching network when it necessary to adjust the beam direction in response to a change in orientation of a radio relay station comprising the antenna device; and
receiving and/or transmitting signals by the antenna device.