Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
An electrophotographic member is provided in which conductivity barely reduces and sufficient conductivity is obtained even under a low temperature and low humidity environment, a reduction in resistance beyond necessity is readily suppressed even under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and the bleeding of the quaternary ammonium salt can be suppressed. There is provided an electrophotographic member including an electroconductive mandrel and an electroconductive layer, wherein the electroconductive layer includes a resin having at least one of a structure represented by the following formula (1) and a structure represented by the following formula (2) in the molecule, and an anion:
1. An electrophotographic member comprising an electroconductive mandrel and an electroconductive layer, the electroconductive layer comprising a perfluorosulfonylimide anion and a resin having a structure represented by at least one of formula (1) and formula (2):
where R 11 represents an alkylene group; R 12 and R 13 each independently represent an alkylene group or an alkylene oxide group; A1 represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom; and X 1 represents a quaternary ammonium cation structure; and
where R 21 represents an alkylene group; R 22 represents an alkylene group or an alkylene oxide group; and X 2 represents a quaternary ammonium cation structure.
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises the structure according to formula (2), and R 21 is an alkylene group having 1 or more and 9 or less carbon atoms, R 22 is an alkylene group having 1 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms, and X 2 represents one of formulae (3) and (4):
where R 31 to R 33 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms; and
where R 41 represents an alkyl group having 1 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms; A2 represents a methylene group or an oxygen atom; and n represents 1 or 2.
3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the electroconductive layer has an alkylene oxide structure as a binder component.
4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the electroconductive layer is prepared by reacting components (A) to (C) below:
(A) a polyol compound,
(B) a polyisocyanate compound, and
(C) at least one of quaternary ammonium salts represented by the following formulae (5) and (6):
where R 51 represents an alkylene group; R 52 and R 53 each independently represent an alkylene group or an alkylene oxide group; A3 represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom; X 3 represents a quaternary ammonium cation structure; and Y 1 represents an anion; and
where R 61 represents an alkylene group; R 62 represents an alkylene group or an alkylene oxide group; X 4 represents a quaternary ammonium cation structure; and Y 2 represents an anion.
5. A process cartridge comprising a charging roller mounted thereon, the process cartridge being configured to be detachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the charging roller is the electrophotographic member according to claim 1 .
6. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging roller disposed facing the electrophotographic photosensitive member to charge the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the charging roller is the electrophotographic member according to claim 1 .