Self-assembly patterning of organic molecules on a surface
The embodiments disclosed herein include all-electron control over a chemical attachment and the subsequent self-assembly of an organic molecule into a well-ordered three-dimensional monolayer on a metal surface. The ordering or assembly of the organic molecule may be through electron excitation. Hot-electron and hot-hole excitation enables tethering of the organic molecule to a metal substrate, such as an alkyne group to a gold surface. All-electron reactions may allow a direct control over the size and shape of the self-assembly, defect structures and the reverse process of molecular disassembly from single molecular level to mesoscopic scale.
1. A molecular monolayer self-assembly system comprising:
a substrate;
an organic molecule layer disposed on the substrate; and
an electron excitation source configured to generate an electron-induced reaction of the organic molecule layer that modifies a structure of the organic molecule layer between a flat lying disordered state and a three dimensional ordered state through tautomerization.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the organic molecule layer in the disordered state comprises phenylacetylene.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the organic molecule layer in the ordered state comprises phenylvinylidene, or other dissociated modifications of an alkyne group.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the electron induced reaction that transforms phenylacetylene to phenylvinylidene comprises a reaction that dissociates the alkyne group.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein a transformation from a three dimensional ordered state to a flat lying disordered state is hole induced through removal of electrons.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises gold.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the electron excitation source comprises a scanning tunneling microscope tip.
8. A system comprising:
a metal substrate;
an organic molecule layer disposed on and in contact with the metal substrate; and
an electron excitation source configured to induce an excitation reaction of the organic molecule layer that modifies an ordering of the organic molecule layer through tautomerization.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the excitation reaction is electron induced.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the excitation reaction is photon induced.
11. The system of claim 8 wherein the ordering comprises a transition between a disordered and an ordered state.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein a transition from the disordered to the ordered state comprises a self assembly of the organic molecule layer.
13. The system of claim 8 wherein the metal substrate comprises gold.
14. The system of claim 8 wherein the electron excitation source comprises a probe tip.