Method for preparing a sulfurized alkaline earth metal dodecylphenate
A sulfurized alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) dodecylphenate is prepared by reacting (i) dodecylphenol with (ii) calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.7 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and (iii) an alkylene glycol in an amount of about 0.13 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and reacting the product of the first step with sulfur in an amount of about 1.6 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and thereafter optionally reacting the product with additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate. The product thus prepared has reduced levels of monomeric dodecylphenol.
1. A process for preparing a sulfurized calcium dodecylphenate, comprising:
(a) reacting (i) dodecylphenol with
(ii) calcium hydroxide in an amount of about 0.35 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and
(iii) ethylene glycol in an amount of about 0.09 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and
(b) reacting the product of step (a) with
(iv) sulfur in an amount of about 1.9 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged, the reaction of step (b) being conducted at about 180° C. to about 220° C.; and thereafter optionally
(c) reacting the product of step (b) with additional alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the amount of ethylene glycol is about 0.13 to about 0.26 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein step (a) is conducted at about 100° C. to about 140° C.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein optional step (c) is performed.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein optional step (c) is performed and includes the addition of an additional amount of sulfur, provided that the total amount of sulfur added throughout the steps of the process does not exceed about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein optional step (c) is performed and includes the addition of diluent oil and one or more hydroxy-containing materials comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of an alkylene glycol, an alcohol of about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, and an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof; and the subsequent removal of volatile materials.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the amount of the one or more hydroxy-containing materials is about 1 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein step (c) is performed and the amount of additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide is sufficient to provide a product with a total base number of about 200 to about 600 on an oil free basis.
9. The product prepared by the process of claim 1 .
10. The product of claim 9 wherein the mole ratio of sulfur to dodecylphenol monomer units within the product is about 0.95:1 to about 1.5:1.
11. The product of claim 9 having less than about 15 percent by weight of monomeric dodecylphenol monomer units, based on the total amount of dodecylphenol units present.
12. A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the product of claim 9 .
13. A method for lubricating an internal combustion engine, comprising supplying thereto the lubricant composition of claim 12 .
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the amount of sulfur is about 2.2 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged.