Immunotherapy using redirected allogeneic cells
A method of treating a disease, such as cancer, by administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of allogeneic T cells with a MHC unrestricted chimeric receptor short time after partial lymphodepletion. The method also comprises administering one or more agents that delay egression of the allogeneic T cells from lymph nodes of said subject during adoptive transfer of said allogeneic T cells to the subject by trapping the T cells in the lymph nodes.
1. A method of treating cancer, said method comprising subjecting a patient in need of such treatment to partial lymphodepletion, and then administering to the patient an effective amount of alloreactive allogeneic T cells expressing an MHC unrestricted tumor-directed chimeric receptor, wherein said partial lymphodepletion is to an extent sufficient to delay the host versus graft reaction for a period sufficient to allow said allogeneic T cells to attack the tumor to which they are directed, but to an extent insufficient to require rescue of the host immune system by bone marrow transplantation.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , further including administration of one or more agents that delay egression of the allogeneic T cells from lymph nodes of said subject, after adoptive transfer of said allogeneic T cells to the subject, by trapping the T cells in the lymph nodes.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the agent that traps T cells in the lymph node is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenypethyl]propane-1,3-diol (FTY720), 5-[4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiophen-2-yl]-3-[3-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl]1,2,4-oxadiazole (SEW2871), 3-(2-(-hexylphenylamino)-2-oxoethylamino)propanoic acid (W123), and 2-ammonio-4-(2-chloro-4-(3-phenoxyphenylthio)phenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl hydrogen phosphate (KRP-203 phosphate).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tumor-directed chimeric receptor is antibody-based.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inhibiting recognition and elimination of the allogeneic T cells in vivo by recipient's T cells by silencing MHC expression by the allogeneic T cells, to thereby reduce the rejection of the allogeneic cells.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the silencing of MHC expression has been accomplished by using allogeneic T cells that have been cultured with an shRNA, or an antisense nucleotide, that knocks out MHC expression.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inhibiting recognition and elimination of the allogeneic T cells in vivo by recipient's T cells by using allogeneic T cells that have further been engineered to express an inhibitory ligand for NK cells, to thereby reduce the rejection of the allogeneic cells.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partial lymphodepletion is accomplished by irradiation treatment, chemotherapy, and/or depleting antibodies.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the partial lymphodepletion comprises total body irradiation of the patient.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the partial lymphodepletion comprises administering an effective amount of a lymphodepleting chemotherapeutic agent.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the lymphodepleting chemotherapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, busulfan, melphalan or lymphodepleting antibodies.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising activating and optionally expanding the allogeneic T cells before the administering step.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the allogeneic T cells are activated in vitro with CD3/CD28 antibodies and the allogeneic T cells are further expanded with IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and/or IL-21.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of allogeneic T cells administered is sufficient to return the lymphodepleted lymphocyte population to its homeostatic amount.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allogeneic T cells are administered in one or more doses.