Metal organic frameworks for the catalytic detoxification of chemical warfare nerve agents

1. A metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising the coordination product of a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic ligand, wherein the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to assemble a MOF configured to catalytically detoxify chemical warfare nerve agents, wherein a metal node of MOF comprises a molecular formula of Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 6 (O 2 ) 12 , where x+y+z=6 and where the oxygen atoms from the organic ligand are included in the formula.

2. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the rate of catalytic detoxification comprises a measured catalytic half-life of no greater than 45 min measured at pH 10 with chemical warfare nerve agent concentration of 0.025 mol/L, containing 6 mol % of catalyst, and at 298 K.

3. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF acts as a catalyst to detoxify the chemical warfare nerve agents and acts as a sorbent that selectively adsorbs the chemical warfare nerve agents.

4. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF contains at least one bridging hydroxyl group.

5. The metal-organic framework of claim 4 , wherein an oxygen atom of the at least one bridging hydroxyl group is connected to two atoms selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and combinations thereof.

6. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF contains at least one terminal hydroxyl group or at least one terminal water molecule on a metal node.

7. The metal-organic framework of claim 6 , wherein the terminal hydroxyl group or the terminal water molecule is connected to a metal cluster selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and combinations thereof.

8. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF contains bridging oxo groups.

9. The metal-organic framework of claim 8 , wherein the bridging oxo group is connected to two atoms selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and combinations thereof.

10. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF is a product of dehydration and contains unsaturated metal sites.

11. The metal-organic framework of claim 10 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and combinations thereof.

12. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , where in the metal cluster of the MOF ranges between and includes twelve-coordinate and three-coordinate.

13. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the organic ligand is made with the precursor terephthalic acid.

14. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has pore size diameters ranging from 4 to 55 Å.

15. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has a BET measured surface area between 500 to 5000 m 2 /g.

16. The metal-organic framework of claim 1 , wherein the MOF is formed into a particle that has a size ranging from 100 nm to 5 mm.

17. A chemical warfare reagent detoxification device comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising the coordination product of a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic ligand, wherein the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to assemble a MOF configured to catalytically detoxify chemical warfare nerve agents, wherein a metal node of the MOF comprises a molecular formula of Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 or Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 , where x+y+z=6and where the oxygen atoms from the organic ligand are included in the formula, wherein the MOF comprises pellets, disks, or a monolith and the device comprises a respirator cartridge.

18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the MOF comprises NU-1000.

19. The device of claim 17 , wherein the MOF is part of a stacked bed comprising layers of non-MOF materials.

20. A method of using a metal organic framework (MOF) comprising a metal ion and an at least bidendate organic ligand to catalytically detoxify chemical warfare nerve agents comprising:

exposing the MOF to the chemical warfare nerve agent; and

catalytically decomposing the nerve agent with the MOF,

wherein a metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 or Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 , where x+y=6 and where the oxygen atoms from the organic ligand are included in the formula.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the chemical warfare nerve agent is an organophosphate, an organophosphorus compound, or combinations thereof.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the nerve agent comprises cyanogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, ethyldichloroarsine (ED), methyldichloroarsine (MD), phenyldichloroarsine (PD), lewisite (L), sulfur mustard (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ), nitrogen mustard (NH1, NH2, NH3), Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), GV, Methyl fluorophosphoryl homocholine iodid (MFPhCh), EA-3148, VE, VG, VM, VP, VR, VX, Novichok agents, phoshene oxime (CX), chlorine, chloropicrin (PS), phosgene (CG), diphosgene (DP), disulfur decafluoride, agent 15 (BZ), dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP), EA-3167, kolokol-1, LSD-25, PAVA spray, sleeping gas, pepper spray (OC), CS, CN, CR, and combinations thereof.

23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the nerve agent comprises a gas phase, vapor phase, liquid phase, or an aerosol.

24. The method of claim 20 , wherein exposing the MOF is performed in a pressure range of 0.33 and 1.48 standard atmospheres, a temperatures between −40° C. and 50° C., and a pH between 0 and 14 and the MOF comprises UiO-66 or NU-1000.

25. A method of making a respirator cartridge comprising filling a cartridge with a MOF capable of detoxifying chemical warfare nerve agents, wherein the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to assemble a MOF configured to catalytically detoxify chemical warfare nerve agents, wherein a metal node of the MOF comprises the molecular formula of Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 or Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 , where x+y+z=6 and where the oxygen atoms from the organic ligand are included in the formula.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the MOF is part of a stacked bed containing non-MOF layers of materials in a respirator cartridge.

27. The device of claim 17 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 .

28. The device of claim 17 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 .

29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 .

30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 .

31. The method of claim 25 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 (O 2 ) 8 .

32. The method of claim 25 , wherein the metal node of the MOF comprises Ti x Zr y Hf z (μ 3 -O) 8 (O 2 ) 8 .