Electrowetting on dielectric using graphene
An electrowetting device and a method of electrowetting may be provided. An electrode may be provided. The electrode has a graphene layer having a first side and a second side that opposes the first side. The electrode also has a dielectric layer disposed on the first side of the graphene layer. A liquid droplet is disposed on the dielectric layer. A voltage is applied through the droplet and the electrode. A contact angle between the dielectric layer and an edge of the liquid droplet contacting the dielectric layer changes in response to the applied voltage.
1. A method of electrowetting, the method comprising:
providing an electrode, the electrode comprising:
a graphene layer having a first side and a second side, the second side opposing the first side; and
a dielectric layer disposed on the first side of the graphene layer;
providing a liquid droplet on the dielectric layer; and
applying a voltage through the droplet and the electrode, wherein a contact angle between the dielectric layer and an edge of the liquid droplet contacting the dielectric layer changes in response to the applied voltage.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the dielectric layer comprises a Teflon layer.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the dielectric layer further comprises a Parylene C layer having a first side and a second side, the first side of the Parylene C layer disposed on the dielectric first side of the graphene layer, the second side of the Parylene C layer disposed on the Teflon layer.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising a substrate layer disposed on the second side of the graphene layer.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the substrate layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the substrate layer comprises glass.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrode further comprises at least one contact pad in contact with one or both of the graphene layer and the dielectric layer.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the contact pad comprises gold.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising sensing, by the electrode, a property of the liquid droplet.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the sensed property is a change in conductance of the liquid droplet.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the sensed property is an electrochemical change of the liquid droplet.
12. An electrowetting device comprising:
an electrode comprising:
a graphene layer having a first side and a second side that opposes the first side; and
a dielectric layer disposed on the first side of the graphene layer, the dielectric layer configured to allow a liquid droplet to be disposed thereon; and
wherein the electrowetting device is configured to cause a change in a contact angle between the dielectric layer and an edge of the liquid droplet contacting the dielectric layer in response to a voltage applied through the droplet and the electrode.
13. The electrowetting device of claim 12 wherein the dielectric layer comprises a Teflon layer.
14. The electrowetting device of claim 13 wherein the dielectric layer further comprises a Parylene C layer having a first side and a second side, the first side of the Parylene C layer disposed on the dielectric first side of the graphene layer, the second side of the Parylene C layer disposed on the Teflon layer.
15. The electrowetting device of claim 12 further comprising a substrate layer disposed on the second side of the graphene layer.
16. The electrowetting device of claim 15 wherein the substrate layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
17. The electrowetting device of claim 15 wherein the substrate layer comprises glass.
18. The electrowetting device of claim 12 wherein the electrode further comprises at least one contact pad in contact with one or both of the a graphene layer and the dielectric layer.
19. The electrowetting device of claim 12 wherein the contact pad comprises gold.
20. The electrowetting device of claim 12 wherein the electrode is configured to sense a property of the liquid droplet.
21. The electrowetting device of claim 20 wherein the property is a change in conductance of the liquid droplet.
22. The electrowetting device of claim 20 wherein the property is an electrochemical change of the liquid droplet.
23. An electrowetting device comprising:
a first graphene electrode having a first side and a second side that opposes the first side; and
a second graphene electrode having a first side and a second side that opposes the first side, the second graphene electrode being spaced apart from the first graphene electrode; and
a dielectric layer disposed on the first sides of the first and second graphene electrodes, the dielectric layer configured to allow a liquid droplet to be disposed thereon; and
wherein the electrowetting device is configured to cause a change in a contact angle between the dielectric layer and an edge of the liquid droplet contacting the dielectric layer in response to a voltage applied through the droplet and one or both of the first or second electrodes.