Methods for extracting rare-earth metals and preparing gypsum plaster from phosphogypsum hemihydrate
The present invention relates to a method for complex processing of apatite concentrate resulting in producing concentrate of rare earth metals (REM) and plaster from phosphogypsum, a waste of sulphuric acid technology for producing phosphoric acid from apatite. The method comprises recrystallization of hemihydrate or anhydrite of calcium sulphate into dihydrate of calcium sulphate in the presence of a soluble calcium salt at concentrations of 0.075-3.75 M (in terms of Ca 2+ ) at subacidic conditions (pH>1), and dissolution with strong acid (pKa<0) at a concentration of 0.2-8.0 M (in terms of H + ). Recovery of REM into solution is up to 95%, the residual content of impurities of phosphorus, fluorine and alkali metals in dihydrate of calcium sulphate does not exceed 0.3 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, 0.05 wt. %, respectively.
1. A method for extracting rare earth metals from phosphogypsum, the method comprising:
(a) treating a hemihydrate or anhydrite of calcium sulphate with a soluble calcium salt under subacidic conditions to form a soluble calcium salt treated mixture, the soluble calcium salt treated mixture comprising a first calcium sulphate dihydrate precipitate and a rare earth metal precipitate; and
(b) treating the soluble calcium salt treated mixture with a strong acid to form a second calcium sulphate dihydrate precipitate and a rare earth metal supernatant,
wherein the soluble calcium salt has a Ca2+ concentration from 0.075 M to 3.75 M of Ca 2+ ,
wherein the subacidic conditions comprises a pH greater than 1,
wherein the strong acid has a pKa less than 0, and
wherein the strong acid has an H + concentration from 0.2 M to 8.0 M.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the soluble calcium salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and a mixture thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treating a hemihydrate or anhydrite of calcium sulphate with a soluble calcium salt under subacidic conditions is carried out at 10° C. to 50° C. during 0.25 hours to 4.0 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treating a hemihydrate or anhydrite of calcium sulphate with a soluble calcium salt under subacidic conditions is carried out at 20° C. to 30° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strong acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and a mixture thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filtering the second calcium sulphate dihydrate precipitate from the rare earth metal supernatant.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising concentrating the rare earth metal supernatant to form a rare earth metal concentrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth metal supernatant comprises lanthanum.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth metal supernatant comprises yttrium.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth metal supernatant comprises a combination of lanthanum and yttrium.