Battery system, vehicle with battery system and method of operating a battery system in a vehicle

1. A battery system comprising:

a plurality of cells outputting a voltage;

a load circuit at which the voltage of the cells is present, the load circuit comprising a pre-charging circuit section and a load circuit section, the pre-charging circuit section limiting current flowing in the load circuit and being in parallel with the load circuit section;

a current sensor to detect the current flowing in the load circuit;

a disconnecting apparatus in the load circuit section of the load circuit, the load circuit section being bypassed by the pre-charging circuit section;

a first consumer circuit and a second consumer circuit arranged in parallel with one another and connected to the load circuit;

a first fuse assigned to the first consumer circuit;

a second fuse assigned to the second consumer circuit; and

an electronics unit to evaluate signals of the current sensor and comprising a memory to store a plurality of setpoint current profiles and a plurality of setpoint charge quantities, at least some of the setpoint current profiles and the setpoint charge quantities corresponding to the current flowing in the load circuit during a pre-charging operation, the electronics unit being configured to determine whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between the signals of the current sensor and at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles and/or the stored setpoint charge quantities.

2. The battery system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles is characteristic of a current profile of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

3. The battery system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the setpoint charge quantities is characteristic of a converted charge quantity of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

4. The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles is characteristic of a current profile of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown; and

at least one of the setpoint charge quantities is characteristic of a converted charge quantity of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

5. The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics unit is configured to determine whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between an actual current profile and the stored setpoint current profiles.

6. The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics unit is configured to determine whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between an actual charge quantity and the stored setpoint charge quantities.

7. A vehicle comprising:

a battery system comprising a plurality of cells outputting a voltage, a load circuit at which the voltage of the cells is present, the load circuit comprising a pre-charging circuit section and a load circuit section, the pre-charging circuit section limiting current flowing in the load circuit and being in parallel with the load circuit section, a current sensor to detect the current flowing in the load circuit, a disconnecting apparatus in the load circuit section of the load circuit, the load circuit section being bypassed by the pre-charging circuit section, a first consumer circuit and a second consumer circuit arranged in parallel with one another and connected to the load circuit, a first fuse assigned to the first consumer circuit, a second fuse assigned to the second consumer circuit, and an electronics unit to evaluate signals of the current sensor and comprising a memory to store a plurality of setpoint current profiles and a plurality of setpoint charge quantities, at least some of the setpoint current profiles and the setpoint charge quantities corresponding to the current flowing in the load circuit during a pre-charging operation, the electronics unit being configured to determine whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between the signals of the current sensor and at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles and/or the stored setpoint charge quantities;

a first consumer capacitance assigned to the first consumer circuit and which has a first capacitance; and

a second consumer capacitance assigned to the second consumer circuit and which has a second capacitance of a different magnitude than the first capacitance.

8. The vehicle of claim 7 , further comprising:

a drive motor; and

a first converter connected to the first consumer circuit to convert a direct current provided by the cells into an alternating current and to supply the alternating current to the drive motor.

9. The vehicle of claim 7 , further comprising:

an electrical distribution system; and

a second converter connected to the second consumer circuit to step down the voltage of the cells and to supply the stepped-down voltage to the electrical distribution system.

10. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the battery system further comprises:

a third consumer circuit arranged in parallel with the first consumer circuit and the second consumer circuit and connected to the load circuit;

a third fuse assigned to the third consumer circuit; and

a charger connected to the third consumer circuit to charge the cells by way of an energy source located outside the vehicle.

11. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein:

at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles is characteristic of a current profile of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

12. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein:

at least one of the setpoint charge quantities is characteristic of a converted charge quantity of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

13. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the electronics unit determines whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between an actual current profile and the stored setpoint current profiles.

14. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the electronics unit determines whether at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown based on a comparison between an actual charge quantity and the stored setpoint charge quantities.

15. The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein:

at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles is characteristic of a current profile of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown; and

at least one of the setpoint charge quantities is characteristic of a converted charge quantity of the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation when at least one of the first fuse and the second fuse has blown.

16. A method for operating a battery system of a vehicle, the method comprising:

detecting at least one of an actual current profile of current flowing in a load circuit during a pre-charging operation and an actual charge quantity which is converted by current flowing in the load circuit in the pre-charging operation;

comparing the actual current profile to a stored plurality of setpoint current profiles or the actual charge quantity to a stored plurality of setpoint charge quantities, the setpoint current profiles corresponding to the current flowing in the load circuit during the pre-charging operation, and the setpoint charge quantities corresponding to the charge quantity converted in the pre-charging operation; and

determining whether a fuse has blown based on the comparison.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the stored setpoint current profiles is characteristic of a current profile flowing during the pre-charging operation when the fuse has blown.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the setpoint charge quantities is characteristic of a converted charge quantity during the pre-charging operation when the fuse has blown.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein determining whether the fuse has blown comprises comparing one of:

the actual current profile and the setpoint current profiles; and

the actual charge quantity and the setpoint charge quantities.