Devices and methods for control of blood pressure
Apparatus and methods are described including an implantable device having first and second longitudinal ends, the device having a length of less than 80 mm when the device is unconstrained. The device includes struts arranged such that, when the device is unconstrained, along a continuous portion of the device having a length that is at least 5 mm, a maximum inter-strut distance defined by any set of two adjacent struts is more than 1.5 times as great as a maximum inter-strut distance defined by any set of two adjacent struts within longitudinal portions of the device within 3 mm of the longitudinal ends of the device. Other applications are also described.
1. A method of stimulating baroreceptors to treat a disease, the method comprising:
providing an implantable device comprising:
a proximal end portion comprising a plurality of proximal struts extending along four proximal arches,
a distal end portion comprising a plurality of distal struts extending along four distal arches, and
a central portion arranged between the proximal and distal end portions and comprising a longitudinal length of at least 5 mm, the central portion comprising four central struts and four continuous open regions; and
implanting the device in a carotid artery of a subject,
wherein the four central struts contact a wall of the carotid artery and flatten and stretch the wall at the four open regions,
wherein the four proximal arches and the four distal arches resist pressure exerted by the wall of the carotid artery on the four central struts,
wherein flattening and stretching of the wall at the four open regions stimulate the baroreceptors and treat the disease, and
wherein the flattening and stretching causes the wall to form alternating device contact regions and device non-contact regions, the device non-contact regions having a first radius of curvature and the device contact regions having a second radius of curvature less than the first radius of curvature.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising identifying the subject as suffering from hypertension, wherein implanting the device in the subject's carotid artery comprises lowering blood pressure of the subject.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the four continuous open regions of the device comprises a region of the device that defines no struts, the region having a non-circular shape.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the device has a length of less than 50 mm.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the device has a spring constant of less than 2 N/mm.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the device has a spring constant of less than 1.5 N/mm.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum inter-strut distance between any two adjacent struts of the four central struts-defines an arc of more than 30 degrees around a longitudinal axis of the device.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the maximum inter-strut distance between any two adjacent struts of the four central struts-defines an arc of more than 60 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the device.
9. A method of stimulating baroreceptors to treat a disease, comprising:
providing an implantable device comprising:
a proximal end portion comprising a plurality of proximal struts extending along four proximal arches,
a distal end portion comprising a plurality of distal struts extending along four distal arches, and
a central portion arranged between the proximal and distal end portions and comprising a longitudinal length of at least 5 mm, the central portion comprising four central struts and four continuous open regions,
wherein when the device is unconstrained, a maximum inter-strut distance between any two adjacent struts of the four central struts is more than 5 mm; and
implanting the device in a carotid artery of a subject, wherein the four central struts contact a wall of the carotid artery and flatten and stretch the wall at the four open regions,
wherein the four proximal arches and the four distal arches resist pressure exerted by the wall of the carotid artery on the four central struts,
wherein flattening and stretching of the wall at the four open regions stimulate the baroreceptors and treat the disease, and
wherein the flattening and stretching causes the wall to form alternating device contact regions and device non-contact regions, the device non-contact regions having a first radius of curvature and the device contact regions having a second radius of curvature less than the first radius of curvature.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising identifying the subject as suffering from hypertension, wherein implanting the device in the subject's carotid artery comprises lowering blood pressure of the subject.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein each of the four continuous open regions of the device comprises a region of the device that defines no struts, the region having a non-circular shape.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the device has a length of less than 50 mm.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the device has a spring constant of less than 2 N/mm.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the device has a spring constant of less than 1.5 N/mm.
15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the maximum inter-strut distance between any two adjacent struts of the four central struts-defines an arc of more than 30 degrees around a longitudinal axis of the device.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the maximum inter-strut distance between any two adjacent struts of the four central struts-defines an arc of more than 60 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the device.