Systems and methods for manufacture of dimethyl ether (DME) from natural gas and flare gas feedstock
A unique design for a mobile system that reforms flare gas or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce dimethyl ether (DME), a diesel substitute, is disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressures, and then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to up to 600 psi, and feeds it through a combined reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into dimethyl ether. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. DME is an excellent diesel fuel, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based diesel fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that is currently flared in North Dakota could be converted into over 3 million tons of DME.
1. A mobile system for converting raw natural gas into dimethyl ether (DME) using air as a source of oxygen, comprising:
a syngas generator for generating syngas from the raw natural gas and the air;
a syngas compressor for compressing the syngas;
a DME synthesis unit for synthesizing the DME from the compressed syngas, comprising a single reaction chamber comprising a mixed catalyst bed of hydrogenation and dehydration catalysts; and
a DME purification unit for separating the DME from side products from the DME synthesis unit to produce a purified DME stream, wherein the DME purification unit comprises an absorption column and a stripper column, wherein the absorption column comprises an aqueous solvent for absorbing the DME while effluent gases (N 2 , H 2 , CO, and CO 2 ) are exhausted, wherein a DME-rich solvent solution from the absorption column is sent to the stripper column, and wherein the purified DME stream is distilled from the aqueous solvent, and a resulting lean solvent is recycled back to the absorption column.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a sulfur removal unit for removing sulfur from the raw natural gas.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixed catalyst bed comprises a syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst and a methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the syngas-to-methanol synthesis catalyst is Cu—ZnO.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the methanol-to-DME dehydration catalyst is gamma alumina.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mixed catalyst bed comprises Cu—ZnO for methanol synthesis blended with gamma alumina for methanol dehydration to DME.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the effluent gases are combusted to provide power to operate the syngas compressor.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the syngas generator comprises an air reforming unit for reforming the raw natural gas and the air in a presence of a steam reforming catalyst.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein air enriched in oxygen is added to the air reforming unit to increase concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the syngas.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein water is added to the air reforming unit to prevent catalyst coking.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the water is recycled to the air reforming unit from a condenser downstream from an air recycling unit.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein distilled water is converted to steam inside the air reforming unit.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein a gas mixer mixes the raw natural gas and the air before these gases pass through a catalyst bed within the syngas generator.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the raw natural gas and the air are preheated to improve carbon monoxide yield.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein some of the syngas is recirculated back to the syngas generator.