Method and apparatus for pacing during revascularization
A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.
1. A system for use during revascularization procedure, comprising:
a percutaneous transluminal vascular intervention (PTVI) device including:
a proximal end portion including one or more pacing connectors;
a distal end portion configured for intravascular placement, the distal end portion including a tip and an angioplasty device having a first end approximately adjacent to the tip and a second end;
an elongate body coupled between the proximal end portion and the second end of the angioplasty device; and
one or more pacing electrodes incorporated onto the distal end portion and electrically connected to the one or more pacing connectors; and
a pacemaker configured to be connected to the one or more pacing connectors of the PTVI device and deliver pacing pulses to the one or more pacing electrodes.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pacing electrodes comprise a first electrode approximately adjacent to the first end of the angioplasty device.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more pacing electrodes further comprise a second electrode approximately adjacent to the second end of the angioplasty device.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pacing electrodes comprise at least one pacing electrode incorporated onto the angioplasty device.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pacing electrodes comprise at least one pacing electrode incorporated onto the elongate body.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the distal end portion further comprises one or more radiopaque markers.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the angioplasty device comprises an adjustable angioplasty device having controlled expandability and contractibility.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the adjustable angioplasty device comprises a coronary dilatation balloon configured for coronary dilatation.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the adjustable angioplasty device comprises a coronary stent delivery balloon configured for coronary stent placement.
10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the angioplasty device comprises a distal embolization protection device including an adjustable filter basket adapted to contain and remove embolic material.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the angioplasty device comprises a brachytherapy device including a chamber containing a radiological agent.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the angioplasty device comprises an atherectomy device including a cylindrical nosecone coupled to the distal tip and a cutter to the nosecone, the cutter configured to cut tissue, the cylindrical nosecone configured to store cut tissue.
13. A method for providing a system for revascularization, comprising:
providing a percutaneous transluminal vascular intervention (PTVI) device including a distal end portion configured for intravascular placement;
incorporating one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device; and
providing a pacemaker configured to be connected to a proximate end of the PTVI device and deliver pacing pulses to the one or more pacing electrodes.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
enclosing one or more conductors in an elongate body of the PTVI device; and
connecting each of the one or more conductors to one of the one or more pacing electrodes.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of a coronary guide wire.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of a coronary dilatation balloon catheter.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of a stent delivery catheter.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of a coronary brachytherapy catheter.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of an atherectomy device.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto the distal end portion of the PTVI device comprises incorporating the one or more pacing electrodes onto a distal end portion of a distal embolization protection device.