Deep sea collection of solid materials from geothermal fluid

1. An apparatus for collecting solid materials from a geothermal fluid, the apparatus comprising:

a heat exchanger in thermal communication with a flow of the geothermal fluid through the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger receiving the geothermal fluid in a supercritical state;

a mesh extending across the flow of the geothermal fluid within the heat exchanger, the mesh configured to allow the geothermal fluid to flow therethrough and to allow a solid material to precipitate out of the geothermal fluid onto the mesh; and

a first spool supporting a first portion of the mesh and a second spool supporting a second portion of the mesh, the first spool and the second spool configured to each rotate about a corresponding axis to allow the mesh to be controllably transferred from the first spool to the second spool.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal fluid comprises seawater.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mesh is located at a position along the heat exchanger such that the temperature and pressure of the geothermal fluid at the position are conducive to precipitation of the solid material out of the geothermal fluid.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a second mesh extending across the flow of the geothermal fluid, the second mesh configured to allow the geothermal fluid to flow therethrough and to allow a second solid material to precipitate out of the geothermal fluid onto the second mesh, the second mesh located at a second position along the heat exchanger such that the temperature and pressure of the geothermal fluid at the second position are conducive to precipitation of the second solid material out of the geothermal fluid.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mesh is electrically conductive.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second mesh extending across the flow of the geothermal fluid, the second mesh configured to allow the geothermal fluid to flow therethrough and to allow a second solid material to precipitate out of the geothermal fluid onto the second mesh.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the solid material comprises minerals and metals from the geothermal fluid.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mesh comprises a first material configured to selectively bind to a second material under conditions prevailing at a location of the mesh.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the mesh is configured to remove the second material before the second material scales onto the heat exchanger.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the mesh is configured to become saturated with the second material.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mesh comprises a first material configured to selectively bind, under conditions prevailing at a location of the mesh, to a material comprising lithium, zinc, or manganese.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a precipitant configured to be injected into the geothermal fluid at the mesh or at a position just before the geothermal fluid flows through the mesh.

13. A method of collecting solid materials from a geothermal fluid, the method comprising:

flowing a geothermal fluid through a heat exchanger and through a first portion of a mesh extending across the flowing geothermal fluid within the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger receiving the flowing geothermal fluid in a supercritical state;

precipitating solid material out of the flowing geothermal fluid onto the first portion of the mesh;

moving the mesh such that a second portion of the mesh extends across the flowing geothermal fluid within the heat exchanger; and

precipitating solid material out of the flowing geothermal fluid onto the second portion of the mesh.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein moving the mesh comprises rotating a first spool supporting the mesh and rotating a second spool supporting the mesh such that the first portion of the mesh moves away from being extended across the flowing geothermal fluid and the second portion of the mesh moves towards being extended across the flowing geothermal fluid.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solid material comprises lithium, zinc, or manganese.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mesh is configured to remove the solid material before the solid material scales onto the heat exchanger.

17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising injecting a precipitant into the geothermal fluid at the mesh or at a position just before the geothermal fluid flows through the mesh.