Chlorine dioxide generator for the efficient generation of chlorine dioxide in dilute solutions
Disclosed is a process for the safe and efficient generation of chlorine dioxide while achieving a variable chlorine dioxide mass flow rate with a turn-down to turn-up ratio of at least 1 to 200. The process allows for a single chlorine dioxide generating system to safely provide variable mass flow rate of chlorine dioxide to applications that have wide ranging chlorine dioxide demand, like those experienced in oil and gas applications.
1. An automated process for the safe and efficient generation of a dilute aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide having a variable chlorine dioxide mass flow rate of at least 1 to 200 turn-down turn-up ratio, said aqueous solution is applied to oil and gas applications, the process comprising:
a source of motive water in fluid contact with a variable mass flow rate chlorine dioxide generating system comprising: variable feed rate chemical pumps, chemicals for producing chlorine dioxide, flow meter, flow regulating valve, injection manifold, a reaction zone (reactor), pH sensor for monitoring the reactor effluent pH, and an optional optical sensor for measuring chlorine dioxide concentration exiting the reactor;
a control panel comprising a PLC programmed with turn-down turn-up logic and assigned a minimum ClO 2 set-point and a maximum ClO 2 set-point, the control panel in signal contact with the variable mass flow rate chlorine dioxide generating system and sensors for monitoring process conditions that influence the required mass flow rate of chlorine dioxide exiting the said chlorine dioxide generating system;
the PLC applies turn-down turn-up logic to vary the mass flow rate of chlorine dioxide in the motive water to produce a dilute aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide by: (1) varying the concentration of chlorine dioxide by changing the feed rate of the chlorine dioxide generating system chemical pumps while controlling the motive water flow rate to target a predetermined value, and (2) changing the motive water flow rate to target a new predetermined value followed by changing the chemical feed rate of the chlorine dioxide generating system chemical pumps to vary the concentration of chlorine dioxide;
the variation in mass flow rate of chlorine dioxide is achieved while the concentration of chlorine dioxide exiting the chlorine dioxide generator is controlled between the minimum ClO 2 set-point and the maximum ClO 2 set-point, and
applying the dilute aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide to an oil and gas application.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the minimum ClO 2 set-point is greater than or equal to 100 ppm and the maximum ClO 2 set-point is less than or equal to 5000 ppm.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the minimum ClO 2 set-point is greater than or equal to 100 ppm and the maximum ClO 2 set-point is less than or equal to 4000 ppm.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the minimum ClO 2 set-point is greater than or equal to 100 ppm and the maximum ClO 2 set-point is less than or equal to 3000 ppm.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the turn-down turn-up ratio is at least 1 to 300.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the turn-down turn-up ratio is at least 1 to 500.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oil and gas application comprises water for use in hydraulic fracturing.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oil and gas application comprises flow-back water.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oil and gas application comprises produced water.