Methods and systems for causing reaction driven cracking in subsurface rock formations

1. A method for causing reaction driven cracking in subsurface rock formations, said method comprising:

drilling one or more holes in a porous subsurface rock formation, said one or more holes in fluid communication with pores in said subsurface rock formation;

injecting in said pores via at least one of said holes one or more fluids; and

chemically reacting said one or more fluids within said pores thereby causing cracking in said substantially porous subsurface rock formation;

wherein said one or more fluids includes a first fluid including a non-toxic solute that is undersaturated in solid crystals and a second fluid including a non-toxic solute that is undersaturated in solid crystals, wherein a combination of said first and second fluids is strongly supersaturated.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said one or more fluids include at least one gas.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said gas includes carbon dioxide.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more fluids is at least two fluids, wherein injection of said at least two fluids is substantially simultaneous.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein first and second substantially parallel holes are drilled and injection of said one or more fluids is along substantially parallel flow paths through said first and second substantially parallel holes, respectively.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a porous mixing region is positioned between said flow paths.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein injection of said one or more fluids is substantially sequential with a first fluid being injected first and a second fluid being injected at a later time.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more fluids are selected from reagents including dissolved lime, carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, dissolved periclase, sodium oxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride-rich water, calcium hydroxide, substantially pure water, and a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said one or more fluids includes pairs of reagents including 1) dissolved lime and carbon dioxide, 2) dissolved periclase and carbon dioxide, 3) sodium oxide and hydrochloric acid, 4) sodium oxide and sulfate, and 5) a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said chemically reacting step includes dehydration reactions that cause large volume changes in said rock formation.

11. A method for causing reaction driven cracking in subsurface rock formations, said method comprising:

drilling one or more holes in a porous subsurface rock formation, said one or more holes in fluid communication with pores in said subsurface rock formation;

injecting in said pores via at least one of said holes one or more fluids, wherein said one or more fluids include a gas; and

chemically reacting said one or more fluids within said pores thereby causing cracking in said substantially porous subsurface rock formation;

wherein said one or more fluids includes a first fluid including a non-toxic solute that is undersaturated in solid crystals and a second fluid including a non-toxic solute that is undersaturated in solid crystals, wherein a combination of said first and second fluids is strongly supersaturated.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said one or more fluids are selected from reagents including dissolved lime, carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, dissolved periclase, sodium oxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride-rich water, calcium hydroxide, substantially pure water, and a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said one or more fluids includes pairs of reagents that precipitate during said chemically reacting step to form at least one of calcite, aragonite, magnesite, salt, sodium sulfate salts, and a combination thereof.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein said one or more fluids is at least two fluids, wherein injection of said at least two fluids is substantially simultaneous.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein injection of said one or more fluids is substantially sequential with a first fluid being injected first and a second fluid being injected at a later time.

16. A method of using reaction driven cracking to enhance rates of carbonation of peridotite, said method comprising:

drilling one or more holes in a porous subsurface peridotite formation, said one or more holes in fluid communication with, pores in said peridotite formation;

injecting in said pores via at least one of said holes one or more fluids;

chemically reacting said one or more fluids within said pores thereby causing cracking in a volume of said peridotite formation;

heating said volume;

injecting an adjustable flow of carbon dioxide into said volume;

injecting bicarbonate materials into said volume;

forming carbonate with said volume and said carbon dioxide in an exothermic reaction thereby generating a self-sustaining heat source, said heat source heating said volume; and

monitoring a rate of carbonation of said peridotite formation and repeating said drilling, injecting, and chemically reacting steps to cause additional cracking of said peridotite formation when said rate is below a redetermined level.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said one or more fluids are selected from reagents including dissolved lime, carbon dioxide; nitrogen gas, dissolved periclase, sodium oxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride-rich water, calcium hydroxide, substantially pure water, and a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising cycling a pressure of said one or more fluids in said volume so as to form both fluid-saturated intervals and fluid-free, drying intervals in said volume.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said one or more fluids is at least two fluids, wherein injection of said at least two fluids is substantially simultaneous.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein injection of said one or more fluids is substantially sequential with a first fluid being injected first and a second fluid being injected at a later time.