Spinal injection trainer and methods therefor
A model for anatomical training includes a visibly clear thermoplastic elastomer matrix formed with at least one contoured surface, the contoured surface simulating at least a portion of a human body. The visibly clear thermoplastic elastomer matrix provides visible needle tracks upon needle penetration that may be fused closed upon heating the thermoplastic elastomer matrix such that the needle tracks are no longer visible. The model includes a skeletal structure embedded within the thermoplastic elastomer matrix at the same location, relative to the contoured surface, as the corresponding skeletal structure is located in a human body, the skeletal structure producing a fluoroscopic image representative of human bone corresponding to the skeletal structure.
1. A method of preparing a model for anatomic training by performing the following sequence of steps, said steps comprising:
saturating an open cell foam with a liquid thermoplastic elastomer to form an impregnated elastomer impregnated foam;
curing the liquid thermoplastic elastomer;
forming a simulated intervertebral disc from the elastomer impregnated foam;
applying a first, thin layer of liquid silicone to the simulated intervertebral disc;
positioning the simulated intervertebral disc between vertebrae to form a skeletal structure column;
placing the skeletal structure column in a mold having at least one contoured surface simulating at least a portion of a human body;
adding a visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer to the mold, the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer providing visible needle tracks upon needle penetration until the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer around the visible needle tracks is fused by heat, wherein the needle tracks are fused closed upon heating the thermoplastic elastomer such that the needle tracks are no longer visible in the thermoplastic elastomer; and
whereby the skeletal structure column is fully embedded within the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer at the same location, relative to the contoured surface, as the corresponding skeletal structure is located in a real human body, the skeletal structure column being radiopaque in order to produced a fluoroscopic image representative of actual bone corresponding to the skeletal structure column.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying a second, thicker layer of silicone to at least a portion of the periphery of a simulated intervertebral disc.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein a width of the second, thicker layer of silicone varies around the periphery of the simulated intervertebral disc.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the vertebrae of the skeletal structure column is comprised of natural bone.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer comprises an SEB S (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) block copolymer.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer comprises from about 15 wt % to about 20 wt % of the SEBS block copolymer and from about 80 wt % to about 85 wt % of a white oil.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the SEBS block copolymer has a tensile stress of from about 8.00 to about 10 psi, a tensile strength at break of from about 140to about 170 psi and a tensile elongation at break of from about 500 to about 1500%.
8. A method of preparing a model for anatomic training by performing the following sequence of steps, said steps comprising:
forming a simulated intervertebral disc having a core of thermoplastic elastomer and a peripheral band of silicone, the band of silicone having a higher resistance to needle penetration than the core of thermoplastic elastomer whereby the simulated intervertebral disc simulates an actual intervertebral disc upon needle penetration;
positioning the simulated intervertebral disc between vertebrae to form a skeletal structure;
placing the skeletal structure in a mold having at least one surface contoured surface simulating at least a portion of a human body;
adding a visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer to the mold, the visibly clear thermoplastic elastomer providing visible needle tracks upon needle penetration until the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer around the visible needle tracks is fused by heat, wherein the needle tracks are fused closed upon heating the thermoplastic elastomer such that the needle tracks are no longer visible in the thermoplastic elastomer; and
whereby the skeletal structure is fully embedded within the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer at the same location, relative to the contoured surface, as the corresponding skeletal structure is located in a real human body, the skeletal structure being radiopaque in order to produce a fluoroscopic image representative of actual bone corresponding to the skeletal structure column.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein a width of the peripheral band of silicone varies around the periphery of the simulated intervertebral disc.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein a vertebrae of the skeletal structure is comprised of natural bone.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer comprises a SEBS (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) block copolymer.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the visibly transparent thermoplastic elastomer comprises from about 15 wt % to about 20 wt % of the SEBS block copolymer and from about 80 wt % to about 85wt % of a white oil.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the SEBS block copolymer has a tensile stress of from about 8.00 to about 10 psi, a tensile strength at break of from about 140 to about 170 psi and a tensile elongation at break of from about 500 to about 1500%.