Apparatus for molten salt electrolysis with solar photovoltaic electricity supply and solar thermal heating of molten salt electrolyte
A process for the production of energetically rich compounds comprising: using externally supplied thermal energy to heat an electrolyzable compound to a temperature greater than the ambient temperature; generating electricity from a solar electrical photovoltaic component; subjecting the heated electrolyzable compound to electrolysis with the solar generated electricity to generate an energetically rich electrolytic product.
1. An apparatus for lowering the electrochemical potential for electrolysis of one or more electrolyzable compounds in an electrolysis system, comprising:
a beam splitter for splitting captured solar spectrum energy into a solar thermal heating component and a solar electrical photovoltaic component;
a photovoltaic cell for generating electricity from the solar electrical photovoltaic component;
heat exchanger for capturing heat from the photovoltaic cell; and
an electrolysis chamber, containing molten carbonate, for combining the solar thermal heating component from the beam splitter with the heat captured by the heat exchanger to lower the electrochemical potential for electrolysis of one or more electrolyzable compounds.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a pre-heater for pre-heating the electrolyzable compounds.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the heat exchanger further captures heat from the electrolysis reaction and said captured electrolysis heat is combined with heat captured from the solar electrical photovoltaic component in the pre-heater.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrolyzable compounds are selected from the group consisting of
a. CO 2 ;
b. M x Cl y , where M is a metal cation, an organic cation, a nitrogen containing cation, or a phosphorous containing cation;
c. M 2 CO 3 , where M is as defined above; and
d. Fe 2 O 3 .
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis of one or more electrolyzable compounds produces an electrolytic product.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the electrolytic product comprises chlorine gas, CO, or a metal.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the metal is Fe.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , further comprising a collection chamber for collecting the electrolytic product.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis of the heated electrolyzable compounds is defined as
a. CO 2(g) →CO(g)+1/2O 2(g) ;
b. M x Cl y →y/2Cl 2 +xM, where M is a metal cation, an organic cation, a nitrogen containing cation, or a phosphorous containing cation;
c. CO 2 →C+O 2 ;
d. M 2 CO 3 →CO+M 2 O+1/2O 2 , where M is as defined above;
e. M 2 CO 3 →C+M 2 O+O 2 , where M is as defined above; or
f. Fe 2 O 3 →2Fe+3/2O 2 .
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heat from the thermal heating component and the heat exchanger heats the one or more electrolyzable compounds to a temperature of 200 to 650° C. or to a temperature of 650 to 1500° C.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electrolysis chamber receives the solar thermal heating component from the beam splitter and the heat captured by the heat exchanger and combines the solar thermal heating component received from the beam splitter with the heat received from the heat exchanger.
12. An apparatus for generation of electrolysis products other than H 2 using recovered heat as a secondary heat source, comprising:
a beam splitter for splitting captured solar spectrum energy into a solar thermal heating component and a solar electrical photovoltaic component;
a photovoltaic cell for generating electricity from the solar electrical photovoltaic component;
a heat exchanger for capturing heat from the photovoltaic cell; and
an electrolysis chamber containing molten carbonate and one or more electrolyzable compounds, for combining the solar thermal heating component from the beam splitter with the heat captured by the heat exchanger, and heating the content of the electrolysis chamber to provide a temperature at a range above that of the ambient surrounding; and
a collection chamber for collecting the electrolysis products from the electrolysis of the heated electrolyzable compounds.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein said electrolysis chamber receives the solar thermal heating component from the beam splitter and the heat captured by the heat exchanger and combines the solar thermal heating component received from the beam splitter with the heat received from the heat exchanger.