Method to measure surfactant in fluid
The invention is directed towards methods and compositions for identifying the presence of surfactants in water. The invention is quite superior over the prior art because it can form a colorful complex in half the time, avoid the need for difficult separation steps, use a safer solvent, and avoid the formation of messy foam. The invention involves adding to the water a cobalt thiocyanate reagent, pre-prepared from a cobalt salt and a thiocyanate salt, which forms a colorful complex with the surfactant. Chloroform is then added to the water. The cobalt reagent causes the virtually all of the surfactant to form a colored complex which rapidly migrates into the chloroform and prevents the surfactant from foaming. Once in the chloroform, a UV-vis spectrometer can easily and precisely identify the type and amount of surfactant that was in the water.
1. A method of measuring a surfactant in a first liquid, the method consisting of:
collecting a representative sample of the first liquid wherein the sample of the first liquid consists of water and the surfactant,
adding a cobalt salt to the sample of the first liquid,
subsequently adding a thiocyanate salt to the sample of the first liquid, thereby forming a cobalt thiocyanate reagent in the sample of the first liquid,
allowing the cobalt thiocyanate reagent to form a colored surfactant bearing complex with substantially all the surfactant in the first liquid,
adding a second liquid to the sample, the second liquid being immiscible with the first liquid and being a solvent to the surfactant bearing complex,
allowing substantially all of the colored surfactant bearing complex to be extracted into the second liquid,
performing a spectrometric measurement of the second liquid,
comparing the spectrometric measurement to pre-determined values to identify the quantity and/or identity of surfactant in the second liquid, and wherein a sodium chloride or potassium chloride salt is not added to the first liquid or the second liquid.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the second liquid comprises or consists essentially of chloroform.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the surfactant is a EO-PO based composition.
4. The method of claim 3 in which the spectrometric measurement involves detecting of absorption peaks of emitted visible and ultraviolet light at about 317 nm and at about 621 nm, the peak at about 317 nm being greater than the peak at about 621 nm.
5. The method of claim 1 in which the spectrometric measurement involves detecting of absorption peaks at specific pre-determined wavelengths of infrared, visible, and/or ultraviolet light emitted into the second liquid.
6. The method of claim 5 in which the intensity of at least one of the detected peaks is mathematically related to the amount of a specific surfactant present in the first liquid.
7. The method of claim 1 in which substantially all of the surfactant is extracted into the second liquid in a single extraction step.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the holding time to form a colored surfactant bearing complex is less than 15 minutes.
9. The method of claim 1 in which the second liquid is separated from the first liquid before the spectrometric measurement is performed.
10. The method of claim 1 in which the second liquid comprises a solvent which is non-flammable and which is no more soluble in water than chloroform.
11. The method of claim 1 in which the surfactant comprises a member selected from the group consisting of fluorinated polyoxyethylene surfactant, polyether siloxane surfactant, ethoxylated alkylphenol surfactant, amine based polyoxyethylene surfactant, and alcohol based polyoxyethylene surfactant.
12. The method of claim 1 in which the complex substantially or completely forms before the second liquid is added to the first liquid.
13. The method of claim 1 in which the formed complex maintains at least some of its colored properties after it migrates into the second liquid.
14. The method of claim 1 in which at least some of the surfactant is extracted from the first liquid to the second liquid via a liquid-liquid separation process.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is fluorinated polyoxyethylene.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is polyether siloxane.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is ethoxylated alkylphenol.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein all of the colored surfactant bearing complex is extracted into the second liquid in a single extraction step.