Carbon dioxide capture apparatus

1. A carbon dioxide capture apparatus having a temperature swing adsorption mode for selective separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases which contain carbon dioxides, comprising:

a carbon dioxide sorption column including a carbon dioxide adsorption unit in which adsorption of carbon dioxide from flue gases occurs;

a carbon dioxide desorption column connected to the carbon dioxide sorption column and including a carbon dioxide desorption unit in which desorption of the adsorbed carbon dioxide occurs;

a carbon dioxide absorbent repeatedly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide while circulating through the carbon dioxide sorption column and the carbon dioxide desorption column; and

a heat exchange unit in which heat exchange occurs between the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption,

wherein the heat exchange unit has a structure:

in which tubes through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption is moved are inserted into a tube through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption is moved or tubes through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption is moved are inserted into a tube through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption is moved; or

in which planar passages through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption is moved are in face-to-face contact with planar passages through which the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption is moved.

2. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption are moved under bubbling fluidized bed conditions and dilute fluidized bed conditions in the heat exchange unit, respectively, and the heat exchange unit is placed upstream of the sorption column.

3. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption are moved under dilute fluidized bed conditions and bubbling fluidized bed conditions in the heat exchange unit, respectively, and the heat exchange unit is placed downstream of the sorption column.

4. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption are moved under dilute fluidized bed conditions and bubbling fluidized bed conditions in the heat exchange unit, respectively, and the heat exchange unit is placed upstream of the desorption column.

5. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption are moved under bubbling fluidized bed conditions and dilute fluidized bed conditions in the heat exchange unit, respectively, and the heat exchange unit is placed downstream of the desorption column.

6. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide adsorption unit is provided with cooling means.

7. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide desorption unit is provided with heating means.

8. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption are moved in different directions each other in the heat exchange unit.

9. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit comprising the carbon dioxide sorption column, the carbon dioxide desorption column, the carbon dioxide absorbent, and the heat exchange unit is provided in plurality and heat exchange occurs between the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption units.

10. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption units are filled with carbon dioxide absorbents having different adsorption and/or desorption temperatures.