Compositions comprising cyclic purine dinucleotides having defined stereochemistries and methods for their preparation and use
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel and highly active cyclic-di-nucleotide (CDN) immune stimulators that activates DCs via a recently discovered cytoplasmic receptor known as STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes). In particular, the CDNs of the present invention are provided in the form of a composition comprising one or more cyclic purine dinucleotides that induce STING-dependent TBK1 activation, wherein the cyclic purine dinuclotides present in the composition are substantially pure Rp,Rp or Rp,Sp stereoisomers, and particularly substantially pure Rp,Rp, or RpSp CDN thiophosphate diastereomers.
1. A method of inducing an immune response to a cancer in an individual, or inducing an immune response to a pathogen in an individual, comprising:
parenterally administering to the individual in need thereof a composition comprising one or more cyclic purine dinucleotides or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which induce STING-dependent TBK1 activation, wherein the cyclic purine dinucloetides present in the composition are thiophosphate cyclic purine dinucloetides that are substantially pure Rp,Rp diastereomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the 2′-OH substituent of either or both ribose moieties of the one or more cyclic purine dinucleotides is replaced with a substituent selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises an inactivated tumor cell or a mixture of different tumor cells type-matched to the individual's cancer.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the tumor cell is selected from the group consisting of a colorectal cancer cell, an aero-digestive squamous cancer cell, a lung cancer cell, a brain cancer cell, a liver cancer cell, a stomach cancer cell, a sarcoma cell, a leukemia cell, a lymphoma cell, a multiple myeloma cell, an ovarian cancer cell, a uterine cancer cell, a breast cancer cell, a melanoma cell, a prostate cancer cell, a pancreatic carcinoma cell, and a renal carcinoma cell.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thiophosphate cyclic purine dinucleotide is formulated with one or more lipids.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the one or more lipids comprise digitonin.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the one or more lipids form a liposome.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thiophosphate cyclic purine dinucleotide is formulated with one or more adjuvants.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the one or more adjuvants comprise CpG and/or monophosphoryl lipid A.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering one or more vaccines to the individual, wherein the vaccine(s) comprises one or more antigens selected to stimulate an immune response to a pathogen expressing one or more of the antigens.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the vaccine(s) comprise inactivated or attenuated bacteria or viruses comprising the antigen of interest, purified antigens, live viral or bacterial delivery vectors recombinantly engineered to express and/or secrete the antigens, antigen presenting cell (APC) vectors comprising cells that are loaded with the antigens or transfected with a composition comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antigens, liposomal delivery vehicles comprising the antigens, or naked nucleic acid vectors encoding the antigens.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more thiophosphate cyclic purine dinucleotides is formulated as a nanoparticle.