Demulsifiers
The invention relates to novel demulsifiers for use in the demulsification of oils from water and vice versa, including the demulsification of crude oil from sea water or brine. In particular, the present invention relates to novel demulsifiers which are environmentally friendly, or ‘green’, and which can be used without restriction on-site in offshore oil drilling fields, for example in the North Sea. The novel demulsifiers are based on the reaction product of alkoxylated polyols or polyol esters with dicarboxylic acids.
1. A demulsifier comprising the reaction product of:
a) an alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof; and
b) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid.
2. The demulsifier according to claim 1 , wherein the demulsifier is operable to separate oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions.
3. The demulsifier according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof comprises between 1 and 500 alkylene oxide equivalents per molecule.
4. The demulsifier according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof to dicarboxylic acid in the reaction product is at least 0.05:1 and up to 20:1.
5. The demulsifier according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product of the alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof and the dicarboxylic acid further comprises an end-cap.
6. The demulsifier according to claim 5 , wherein the end-cap comprises a monocarboxylic acid.
7. The demulsifier according to claim 5 , wherein the molar ratio of the end-cap to the reaction product of the alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof and the dicarboxylic acid is at least 0.05:1 and up to 20:1.
8. The demulsifier according to claim 5 , wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof to the dicarboxylic acid to the end-cap is at least 1:0.1:1 and up to 1:1:5.
9. A demulsification formulation comprising a demulsifier which is the reaction product of:
a) an alkoxylated sorbitan ester;
b) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid; and
c) optionally, an end-cap.
10. A method of demulsifying an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, the method comprising adding a reaction product of:
a) an alkoxylated sorbitan ester;
b) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid; and
c) optionally, an end-cap to the emulsion.
11. A method for obtaining a demulsifier, comprising reacting:
a) an alkoxylated sorbitan or ester thereof; with
b) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid.
12. A demulsifier comprising the reaction product of:
a) an alkoxylated sorbitol or sorbitan or ester thereof; and
b) a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid; and
c) an end-cap selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and behenic acid;
wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxylated sorbitol or sorbitan or ester thereof to the dicarboxylic acid to the end-cap is at least 1:0.1:1 and up to 1:1:5.
13. The demulsifier according to claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxylated sorbitol or sorbitan or ester thereof to the dicarboxylic acid to the end-cap is up to 1:1:2.
14. The demulsifier according to claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxylated sorbitol or sorbitan or ester thereof to the dicarboxylic acid to the end-cap is at least 1:0.5:1.
15. The demulsifier according to claim 12 , wherein the alkoxylated sorbitol or sorbitan or ester thereof comprises between 1 and 500 alkylene oxide equivalents per molecule.