Scratch-resistant articles with a gradient layer
Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to articles that exhibit scratch-resistance and improved optical properties. In some examples, the article exhibits a color shift of about 2 or less, when viewed at an incident illumination angle in the range from about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees from normal under an illuminant. In one or more embodiments, the articles include a substrate, and an optical film disposed on the substrate. The optical film includes a scratch-resistant layer and a refractive index gradient. In one or more embodiments, the refractive index includes a refractive index that increases from a first surface at the interface between the substrate and the optical film to a second surface. The refractive index gradient may be formed from a compositional gradient and/or a porosity gradient.
1. An article comprising:
a substrate having a surface; and
an optical film comprising a metal oxynitride disposed on the surface forming a coated surface,
wherein the article exhibits a color shift of less than 2, when viewed at an incident illumination angle in the range from about 5 degrees to about 60 degrees from normal incidence under a CIE F2 illuminant, and
wherein the article exhibits an average transmittance or average reflectance having an average oscillation amplitude of about 10 percentage points or less, over an optical wavelength regime.
2. The article of claim 1 , further exhibiting an average transmittance of at least 80% over the optical wavelength regime.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the transmittance over a selected wavelength of about 100 nm over the optical wavelength regime has a maximum oscillation amplitude of about 5 percentage points.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the transmittance over a selected wavelength of about 100 nm over the optical wavelength regime has a maximum oscillation amplitude of about 3 percentage points.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the optical film comprises a plurality of layers.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein optical film has a thickness in the range from about 0.5 μm to about 3 μm.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article has an average hardness in the range from about 5 GPa to about 30 GPa as measured on the coated surface by indenting the coated surface with a Berkovitch indenter to form an indent having an indentation depth of at least about 100 nm from the surface of the coated surface.
8. The article of claim 7 , wherein the optical film further comprises a scratch resistant layer.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the optical film has a first surface disposed on the substrate and a second surface, and wherein the first surface has a first refractive index and the second surface has a refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein the optical film comprises a refractive index gradient comprising a refractive index that increases from the first surface to the second surface along the thickness at an average rate in the range from about 0.2/μm to about 0.5/μm.
11. The article of claim 9 , wherein the optical film comprises an optical modifying layer, and wherein the optical modifying layer comprises the first surface and the second surface opposite from the first surface.
12. An article comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate surface; and
an optical film comprising a metal oxynitride disposed on the surface forming a coated surface,
wherein the optical film comprises a first surface adjacent to the substrate surface, a second surface, and a refractive index gradient extending from the first surface to the second surface,
wherein the refractive index at the second surface is greater than the refractive index at the first surface,
wherein the article exhibits an average transmittance or average reflectance having an average oscillation amplitude of about 10 percentage points or less, over an optical wavelength regime, and
wherein the article exhibits a hardness in the range from about 8 GPa to about 50 GPa as measured on the coated surface by indenting the coated surface with a Berkovitch indenter to form an indent having an indentation depth of at least about 100 nm from the surface of the coated surface.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the optical film comprises a compositional gradient, the compositional gradient comprising at least two of Si, Al, N, and O.
14. The article of claim 12 , wherein the optical film comprises a gradient selected from at least one of a porosity gradient, a density gradient and an elastic modulus gradient.
15. The article of claim 12 , wherein the refractive index gradient comprises a positive slope gradient and is in the range from about 1.5 to about 2.0.
16. The article of claim 15 , wherein the refractive index gradient comprises a first refractive index at the first surface in the range from about 1.4 to about 1.65 and a second refractive index at the second surface in the range from about 1.7 to about 2.2.
17. A method of forming an article comprising:
providing a substrate having a major surface and comprising an amorphous substrate or a crystalline substrate;
disposing an optical film having a thickness and comprising a metal oxynitride on the major surface; and
creating a refractive index gradient along at least a portion of the thickness of the optical film,
wherein the article exhibits an average light transmittance having an average amplitude of less than about 5%, over the optical wavelength regime.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein creating a refractive index gradient comprises varying along the thickness of the optical film at least one of the composition and the porosity of the optical film.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising reducing light absorption of the optical film by exposing the optical film to one of an elevated temperature or light, as the optical film is disposed on the surface.