Signatures and determinants for distinguishing between a bacterial and viral infection and methods of use thereof
The present invention provides methods of detecting infection using biomarkers. The methods disclosed herein include measuring the expression level of one of more polypeptide determinant in which the alteration of the expression level indicates infection of the patient in a sample of the subject and determining a clinically significant alteration in the level of the one or more polypeptides in the sample, wherein the alteration indicates an infection in the subject. The methods provided herein are for distinguishing between bacterial infection, mixed infection and/or viral infection.
1. A method of diagnosing and treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprising:
a) contacting a blood sample with an RSAD2 antibody under conditions which allow binding of said RSAD2 antibody to RSAD2 of the cell;
b) measuring the amount of said RSAD2 antibody which is bound to RSAD2 in said blood sample to determine the RSAD2 expression level;
c) comparing the RSAD2 expression level to a predetermined reference value;
d) classifying the subject as having a bacterial infection or a mixed co-infection according to the results of the comparing; and
e) treating the subject classified as having said bacterial infection or said mixed co-infection with an antibiotic.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reference value is an index value.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring one or more non-polypeptide determinants selected from the group consisting of white blood count, neutrophil percent, lymphocyte percent, monocyte percent, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute neutrophil count and maximimal temperature.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the expression level of a determinant selected from the group consisting of CRP and MX1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is whole blood.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a fractionated blood sample.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring is effected using a method selected from the group consisting of flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depleting said sample of red blood cells prior to step (a).
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising permeabilizing the blood sample prior to step (a).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sample has been stored at 4° C. for no more than four hours.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said blood sample comprises granulocytes.