Microfluidic flow assay and methods of use
A microfluidic-based flow assay and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. Specifically, the microfluidic flow assay includes a substrate surface comprising lipid coated particles and microfluidic channels through which a blood product can flow. The lipid coated particles comprise functional molecules that can induce or inhibit the coagulation cascade.
1. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a first end and a second end;
a top surface and a bottom surface;
at least one microfluidic channel having an upper surface and a lower surface enclosed between the top surface and the bottom surface of the microfluidic device, and extending from said first end of the microfluidic device to said second end of the microfluidic device, wherein the at least one microfluidic channel connects a first opening at said first end of the microfluidic device and a second opening at said second end of the microfluidic device, and wherein the first opening, the second opening and the at least one microfluidic channel are in the same plane, and wherein the plane is parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the microfluidic device; and
at least one substrate surface provided in the at least one microfluidic channel, wherein the at least one substrate surface comprises a plurality of lipid coated particles immobilized on the substrate surface, wherein the plurality of lipid coated particles comprises silica, and at least one functional molecule, and wherein the at least one functional molecule induces coagulation, wherein said microfluidic device measures the end products of a coagulation cascade with plasma.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate surface is functionalized glass.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of the lipid coated particles comprises a plurality of particles having a hydrophilic surface.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lipid coated particles comprises one or more phospholipid structures selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoinositides, phosphosphingolipids, and combinations thereof.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of the lipid coated particles is immobilized to the substrate surface by at least one of bonding selected from the group consisting of an covalent bond, an electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bond.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the immobilized plurality of lipid coated particles are in a pattern on the substrate surface to produce an immobilized and patterned lipid coated particles.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the immobilized and patterned lipid coated particle is integrated into the at least one microfluidic channel.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one channel to provide a buffer for hydrodynamic focusing.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the functional molecule is one or more transmembrane proteins.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the transmembrane protein is selected from the group consisting of tissue factor, thromobomodulin, endothelial cell protein C receptor, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, glycoprotein VI, glycoprotein Ib/IX/V, P-selectin, glycoprotein IV, CD9, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), Ras-related protein 1b (rap1b), c-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) and combinations thereof.
11. The device of claim 8 , wherein the buffer is HEPES buffered saline.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one surface of the substrate further comprises a monolayer of 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilicane.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein a material of the substrate is at least one of glass, plastic, gold, quartz, silicon, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the silica is selected from the group consisting of silica glass and ceramic.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the silica comprises silica beads.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one microfluidic channel is capable of receiving fluid at the first end and allowing the fluid to flow through the at least one microfluidic channel.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one microfluidic channel is split into multiple channels.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one substrate surface intersects with at least one of the at least one microfluidic channel.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one surface of the substrate is hydrophilic.
20. The device of claim 15 , wherein the silica beads are hydrophilic.
21. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device simulates hemodynamic conditions of a patient.
22. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coagulation cascade is measured by thrombin or fibrin generation.
23. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lipid coating particles are immobilized on the substrate surface by a method selected from covalent bonding, electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding.