A radio tag capable of indicating to a reader, via a wireless link, that a variation in energy has crossed a predetermined threshold, this variation in energy being chosen from the group made up of a variation in the temperature of the radio tag and a variation in the magnetic field in which the radio tag is immersed. This radio tag includes transducer material chosen from a group made up of a thermal shape-memory material, a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic shape-memory material. This transducer material is deposited and affixed without any degree of freedom onto a substrate or an antenna of the radio tag to form, with the substrate or the antenna, a multilayer structure which flexurally deforms the antenna between a bent conformation and a less bent conformation when the energy variation crosses the predetermined threshold.
1. A radio tag capable of indicating to a reader, via a wireless link, that a variation in energy has crossed a predetermined threshold, the variation in energy being chosen from a group consisting of a variation in a temperature of the radio tag and a variation in a magnetic field in which the radio tag is immersed, the radio tag comprising:
an electrically insulating substrate,
an antenna to set up the wireless link with the reader, the antenna being entirely deposited and affixed onto the insulating substrate, and
an actuator capable of modifying an impedance of the antenna when the energy variation crosses the predetermined threshold in order to inform to the reader, the actuator comprising a transducer material capable of transforming the energy variation into a mechanical deformation, the transducer material being chosen from a group consisting of a thermal shape-memory material, a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic shape-memory material,
wherein the transducer material is deposited and affixed onto the substrate or the antenna to form, with the substrate or the antenna, a multilayer structure which flexurally deforms the antenna between a bent conformation and a less bent conformation when the energy variation crosses the predetermined threshold.
2. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the transducer material is also an electrically conductive material and also makes up at least a part of the antenna in such a way as to perform a function of both the antenna and the actuator.
3. The radio tag according to claim 2 , in which the entire antenna is made from the transducer material.
4. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which:
two ends of the antenna are electrically interconnected either directly via an electrical track or via an electrical load to form a closed electrical circuit, and
the radio tag has no electronic chip electrically connected to the closed electrical circuit.
5. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the transducer material is a thermal shape-memory material whose lengthening rate is greater than 1% in response to a temperature variation of 10° C. around the predetermined threshold.
6. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the transducer material is arranged in such a way that its deformation between its bent and less bent conformations is irreversible.
7. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the extent of a maximum clearance of the antenna between its bent and less bent conformations is greater than a thickness of the antenna.
8. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the radio tag is a passive radio tag fed only from the energy of the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the reader.
9. The radio tag according to claim 1 , in which two ends of the antenna are electrically interconnected via a capacitor in order to form a resonant circuit LC whose resonant frequency is a function of the inductance of the antenna.
10. An assembly comprising:
the radio tag according to claim 1 , in which the deformation of the transducer material is capable of causing a frequency range for which a rate of transfer of electrical energy between a reader and the radio tag is greater than a predetermined limit to vary from a first range to a second range in response to the crossing of the predetermined threshold by the energy variation, these first and second frequency ranges having no common frequency, and
the reader capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave at an interrogation frequency in order to read the radio tag, the reader being capable of choosing automatically the interrogation frequency to be used so that a rate of transfer of electrical energy between the reader and the radio tag is greater than the predetermined limit, the reader furthermore comprising a pre-recorded table which associates indications of non-crossing and crossing of the predetermined threshold with the first and second frequency ranges respectively, and the reader is capable of transmitting to an external device the indication that is associated, by the pre-recorded table, with the interrogation frequency automatically chosen and used to interrogate the radio tag.
11. The radio tag according to claim 1 , wherein the antenna is entirely deposited and affixed without any degree of freedom onto the insulating substrate.
12. The radio tag according to claim 1 , wherein the transducer material is deposited and affixed without any degree of freedom onto the substrate or the antenna.